California Agriculturist akd Live Stock Journal 



SOMETHING ABOUT THE BEET- 

 SUGAR INTEREST. 



The beets look well and promise a good 

 crop at Soquel, Santa Cruz county. At Sac- 

 ramento and at Davisvillo the prospects are 

 equally good. There are but two sugar mills 

 in the State. We have now had four years' 

 experience in this interesting branch of in- 

 dustry, and it is well proved that wo can make 

 sugar from beets in California at 7 cents a 

 pound, including every expense. A reduction 

 to G% cents is expected, by letting farmers 

 raise the beets. They can make acceptable 

 profit, dehvering beets at $5 a ton, on long 

 contracts. 



In Europe, sugar-making from beets is a 

 favorite industry, because of its certain pro- 

 fits. We have great advantages over Europe. 

 Our longer season ripens the beet better and 

 increases its weight. Our milder Winters 

 save two-thirds of the expense of storage, and 

 all other items are in our favor. The free raw 

 sugars of the Sandwich Islands do not affect 

 us materially. With this favorable showing 

 we regret to find a disinclination to go into 

 the business. A gentleman who owns a large 

 farm, and has suitable buildings and water, 

 all accessible to our bay craft, has presented 

 to men of capital an offer so inducing as to 

 tempt any one, if there were not a general 

 apathy toward all industries. 



Ho offers to build works equal to Sacra- 

 mento for $75,000. Then a working capital 

 of $25,000 would make the investment $100,- 

 000. 



He does not propose buying land, nor farm- 

 ing beets. Rich farmers \vill take long con- 

 tracts to furnish beets to the mill for SI 50 

 per ton. 



He offers to take, and pay for in coin, ten 

 per cent, of the stock; and further, he will 

 guarantee 25 per cent, profit on the invest- 

 ment in the first year, if he bo allowed to di- 

 rect the management for the year. For this 

 guarantee he will accept the surplus over 25 

 per cent. He will put up security for this. 



Every man is interested in encouraging 

 manufacturing here. Nothing seems to in- 

 sure a higher profit, and with every security 

 against risk. We, therefore, earnestly entreat 

 for this projjosition the serious consideration 

 to which it seems entitled. 



The foregoing is from the Alia. When we 

 take into account the value of the 



PULP FOB STOCK, 



as well as the juice for sugar, the above cal- 

 culation will not seem wrong. We excerjit 

 the f ollo-ning in this regard : 



After the juice is expressed from the rasped 

 beet, the dry pulj) remaining is an admirable 

 food for cattle, sheep, swine, or fowls, of 

 which vast numbers are fed in the sugar-pro- 

 ducing districts of Europe. The average 

 amount of pulp is 20 per cent, of the original 

 weight of beets, and it is almost a universal 

 custom for farmers to contract with manufac- 

 turers to receive back in pulp 20 per cent, of 

 the weight of beets furnished. For this the 

 farmer p.ays two to two and a half dollars per 

 ton. If the manufacturer has any pulp re- 

 miuuiug after his contracts with the farmers 

 are filled, he sells it to others at two dollars 

 and seventy-five cents to three dollars per ton. 



Repeated experiments have proved that for 

 feeding stock, three tons of pulp are fully 

 equal to one ton of the best hay. Cattle are 

 fond of it, and by its use are fattened for the 

 mai-ket in one hundred days. 



The method of feeiling stock upon it em- 

 ployed at ilasny, by the Messrs. Fievet, the 

 model farmers of France, was the following: 



Each ox was allowed daily 80 l)5s of pulp, 5 

 lbs of chopped straw, 5 Ihs oil cake. Each 

 cow had daily 70 lbs of pulp, 5 lbs of chopped 

 straw, 5 lbs oil cake. Each sheep was given 

 daily (! lbs of pulji, Y^ lb of chopped straw, J;^ 

 lb of oil cake, and 1 lb of chaff'. 



They fattened in this manner 800 head of 

 cattle and 4,000 sheep every year. 



The Messrs. Fievet recommended the use 

 of chopped cornstalks and a small quantity of 

 Indian meal for the Western United States. 



Chaptal says of the pulp: "This food is 

 almost dry; it has not the advantages of roots 

 or grasses, nor of dry forage. It does not 

 ferment, and is not laxative, like the former, 

 nor does it heat and produce constipation like 

 the latter. It contains almost aU the nutri- 

 tive principles of the beet." 



In fact, water is the chief article taken from 

 the beet by rasping and pressing, and there 

 still remains from four and a half to six and 

 a half per cent, of sugar in the the residuum, 

 besides other nutritious matter. 



Dombaslo recommends it, especially for 

 sheep, and also for milch cows, stating that 

 the quantity as well as the quality ofthe milk 

 and the color of the butter are much improved 

 by its use. 



M. Call, the wealthy and enterprising own- 

 er of "La Briche" — a splendid farm in the 

 department of ludre et Loire — mixes his pulp 

 with chopped straw, in the proportion of five- 

 sixths of the former to one-sixth of the latter. 

 To the oxen, for fattening, he gives 150 lbs of 

 this mixture in the Winter months; to milch 

 cows, 110 lbs; and to working-cattle from 100 

 to 150 lbs daily. 



A liberal daily allowance for an ox is 75 lbs, 

 for a cow 60 IIjs, and for a sheep C lbs, with 

 chopped straw, and a little oil-cake, or meal. 

 Consequently, if a farmer raises 100 tons of 

 beets, and takes back from the manufacturer 

 20 tons of pulp, he has the means of feedmg, 

 during the five months from the first of No- 

 vember to the first of April, 4 oxen, or 5 cows, 

 or 60 sheep. The manufactory that consumes 

 24,000 tons of beets provides 4,800 tons of 

 pulp, with which may be fed, for the five 

 most costly months of the year, when there is 

 no pasturage, 960 oxen, or 1,200 cows, or 12,- 

 000 sheep. 



ErrECT OP SITBSIDIZING THE BEET SUGAB IN- 

 TEREST IN FRANCE. 



In the days when England took a much 

 more active interest than she docs now in the 

 "balance of power" in Europe, France began 

 to cultivate beet root, and make therefrom her 

 own sugar. By prohibitory taxes on foreign 

 suorars, an abnormal growth was given to the 

 manufacture of beet root sugar, and in time 

 the supply was in excess of the demand, so_ 

 that the branch of industry became less and 

 less profitable. To obviate this, France of- 

 fered an export bounty on sugar, so that on 

 every $100 worth exported the French merch- 

 ant got possibly $10 allowed him by the Gov- 

 ernment, and he could therefore afl'ord to sell 

 his goods for $90. The result has been that 

 the French sugar makers have been under- 

 selling the English in the markets of Eng- 

 land, and the English sugar-makers have now 

 apiilied to their Government to equaUze mat- 

 ters by imposing a tax on French sugars equal 

 to the export premium allowed by the French 

 Government. 



The Trespass Law. — We have reliable in- 

 formation that the cattle men in this Sena- 

 torial District are actively engaged in laying 

 their plans to elect RepresentJitives this fall 

 of fence proclivities. It is very evident the 

 contest on this subject is not yet ended. 

 They will leave no means unturned, if not to 

 repeal the law altogether, to so modify it as 

 to bo of little practical benefit. The good 

 that has resulted from the Trespass Act of the 

 last Legislature, defective as it m.ay be in 

 some respects, has exceeded the expectations 

 of the most sanguine of its friends. It has 

 been the salvation of this valley. All the 

 great and almost magical changes of the past 

 year are due to it, and those that will take 

 place next j-ear, if this law is not tampered 

 with, will be still greater. Let everybody, 

 then, interested in the maintenance of the 

 Trespass Law (and this class comprise more 

 than nine-teuths of our people) be careful 

 who they support for Representative. The 

 agents of evil are always active. Eternal 

 vigilance is the price of safety. — Kern Courier. 



(SJiluciitional 



Parts of Speech. 



r'UREE little words you ofttn see 

 Are articleB — a, an and thk: 

 A noun'B the name of nnjthing, 

 Ab lichool. garden, book, or swing; 

 Adjectives tell the kind of noun, 

 As lireat, snmll. pretty, white, or brown; 

 Instead of noviiis the pronouns stand. 

 Her head, his face, your arm. my hand; 

 Verbs tell of soiiiethinK to be done, 

 To read, count, swliiK, jump, or run; 

 How things are done the adverbs tell, 

 As slowly, .lUlckly. Ill, or well; 

 Conjunctions join the words together. 

 As men and women, wind or weather; 

 The preposition stands before 

 A noun, as in, or throviMh. a door; 

 The interjection shows surprise. 

 As Oh! how pretty— Obi how wise; 

 The whole are called nine parts of speech. 

 Which rcadins;, writing, speaking teach. 



Pupil Farmers. 



The American ArjricuUurist has some sensi- 

 ble remarks under this head. Are there not 

 some farmers, nurserymen and fruit growers 

 in California who would like boys and young 

 men as apprentices? We know there are a 

 number of likely young fellows who would 

 gladly take situations where the could work 

 and have educational advantages, physical 

 and mental. We would freely and without 

 price publish the names of those who want 

 boys, and of boys who want situations. Wo 

 would gladly make the Cai.ifobnia Aoeicul- 

 TDRisT a medium for such intelligence. Send 

 in the names and qualifications. The Ameri- 

 can Agriculturist says; 



The old system of apprenticeship had its 

 merits. Although shorn of its ancient usages 

 and bonds it exists to a great and useful ex- 

 tent to-day. That it is gradually coming into 

 use upon the farm is a proof that farming is' 

 attaining the rank of an estabUshed business 

 in the full significance of the term. Anciently 

 the weaver or "webster," the butcher, the 

 skinner or " fletcher," the smith, the tailor 

 or "taylor," and other tradesmen taught their 

 sons their trades as they gave them their 

 names, and the trade became the property of 

 the family as much as the name. No stranger 

 intermeddled with their trades. Such com- 

 petition was rarely permitted. But society 

 has outgrown this state of things, and the 

 son, not bound by the ancient tjTanuy of a 

 parental despotism, leaves the farm for other 

 employments. As he <iuits the farm so other 

 boys leave their homes and seek the farm, or 

 they would do so if ojjportuuities were pre- 

 sented to them. Such opportunities it was 

 hoped would be presented by the agricultur^d 

 colleges, but that idea has not yet been real- 

 ized to any extent. The only resource for 

 such youths or young men is to become pupils 

 of so'me successful farmer, and learn their 

 business or trade in a thorougldy practical 

 manner, without being hampered with studies 

 for which they have no use. In England and 

 other countries the agricultural journals con- 

 tain numerous advertisements from farmers 

 who want pupils, and young men who desire 

 to become pupils, and the same system is al- 

 ready originating here. Not long ago a case 

 in which we were the means of bringing mas- 

 ter and pupil together, has resulted so satis- 

 factorily to both parties that we lecommend 

 its repetition in other instances. Doubtless 

 there are many successful farmers who would 

 receive pupils^ and hundreds of young men 

 who would gladly seize upon an opportunity 

 of becoming pupils to such farmers. We so 

 very frequently receive applications from 

 voting men desiring to learn stock farming or 

 dairy farming in the West, or general farming 

 in the East, that it would be of great service 

 to them should those farmers |or dairymen 

 who desire to receive pupils make it known 

 publicly through the columns devoted to busi- 

 ness matters. But none should enter upon 

 this work unless entirely competent. 



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