California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 



n 



the clovers, it is a legnminons plant. Jts 

 roots, -which are large, hard and woody, 

 remain in full vigor for a great number 

 of years, thus producing anniially an 

 enormous quantity of fine honey and 

 forage. It is particular!}' recommended 

 for feeding milch cowg, sheep, etc. 



"Vetches or tares fVicki saliva J. This 

 species of the pea is grown extensively 

 in Canada and England, where it is 

 highly prized for green fodder, soiling, 

 pasturage, or as hay, being relished by 

 all liinds of domestic stock. Its flowers 

 are beautifully variegated, and are a fa- 

 vorite resort for the bus}' little bees. Sow 

 broadcast, using about one bushel of seed 

 for an acre of ground, or it may be sown 

 in drills the same as field peas. 



"Borage (Boraqo OfficiiiUiUs, Ger. Stir- 

 kenkraul), though it may not be fully en- 

 titled to be cultivated as a field crop 

 alone, yet it certainly deserves a pl.ace in 

 every garden. In Europe, it is consid- 

 ered a valuable vegetable, and is to be 

 found in almost every garden. The value 

 of borage is thus spoken of in the Enq- 

 lish Mechanic: 'The large leaves and ten- 

 der stalks dipped in butter and fried 

 make an excellent and savory dish. The 

 brilliant blue flowers are very pretty as a 

 garnish for salads. * * The young 

 leaves boiled are a good substitute for 

 spinach. * * * Bees are extremely 

 fond of borage and it appears to repay 

 them well for their attention.' 



"Mignonette, Parson's new white 

 (Besedo Odorata EximiaJ. Too much 

 canuot well be said of the value of this 

 beautiful jilant to those who are raising 

 but a few stocks of bees. Kidder speaks 

 thus of the value of mignonette in his 

 'Secrets of Bee-Keeping,' page 59: 'If 

 cultivated to the extent that it might or 

 ought to be, it would certainly furnish a 

 rich pasturage for bees; it blooms from 

 June until the autumnal frost. A small 

 patch of this will perfume the air for 

 quite a distance; .and were it cultivated 

 by acres, for hee jiasturage alone, we 

 should be favored with a fragrant atmos- 

 phere that would vie with the spicy 

 breezes of Ceylon, and a honey that 

 would outdo the famed honey of Hymet- 

 tus for aromatic flavor. ' 



" It blossoms in the latter part of .Tune 

 and continues in bloom until cold weath- 

 er (heavy frosts do not injure it), and 

 indeed we are informed by our Southern 

 friends that with them it continues in 

 full bloom during the Winter. There 

 are many other new varieties, but we 

 think they are inferior for field culture, 

 as is also the common dwarf sort {Reseda 

 Odorata). The seeds, which are small, 

 should be sown in the Spring, sowing 

 thinly and covering lightly, in drills at 

 least three feet apart. 



"Alyssum orrockmadwort (steinkraiit) 

 is of but little value, except as early bee 

 pasturage. The dandelion furnishes a 

 rich pasturage for bees very early in the 

 Spring. Scatter the seed in your pas- 

 tures; it will do no harm, as all kinds of 

 domestic stock will eat it, and in a year 

 or two you will have a rich feast for your 

 V)ees. 



"Yellow and white Bokhara clover 

 (Miiilotns lencanllia and M. alhus altisonits) 

 are most excellent honey-produeing 

 plants, but they are a great nuisance to 

 growing crops, and should not be allowed 

 to spread too much where they are not 

 desired. However, they are well adapted 

 for sowing on barren hills, steep hill- 

 sides and broken ground generally. where 

 it is not desirable for cultivating grain. 

 "Catnip (Nepela Calnria) and mother- 

 wort {J,emmrus Cardicia). Bee-keepers 

 should not cut down nor destroy these 

 plants, but increase their number, as bc- 

 iug the very best honey-produeing plants 

 that can be grown. It is a good plan to 



scatter the seed in stone piles, along 



fences and other waste places about the 

 farm. It is not a bad weed. 



"Monardn. punctata is valuable for bees 

 but it is difficult to grow it except on 

 sandy or gravelly land. 



Patridge pea and Eocky Mountain bee 

 plant we have not tested sufficiently to 

 recommend. 



"Basswood or linden ( Tilia Americana') 

 and tulip, whitewood or poplar (IJrio- 

 devdron TiiUpifera) are worthy alone for 

 cultivation, either for their timber or as 

 an ornamental shade tree. They are 

 rapid and thrifty growers, easily trans- 

 planted, and will live for hundreds of 

 years, and are the most valuable monu- 

 ment that a man can build tor future 

 generations. Were our public roads, 

 parks, dwellings, etc., planted with these 

 trees, what a boon it would be to all en- 

 gaged in this interesting pursuit. A good 

 way to introduce them in a neighborhood 

 is to furnish your neighbors the desired 

 quantity on condition that if they grow 

 them successfully they have them free; 

 but if they neglect them and let them die 

 they to pay you cost price. The seeds 

 are to be sown in drills, and cultivated 

 one year, then transplanted, setting from 

 8 to 14 feet apart each way. The seed 

 will also grow if strewn among timber, 

 along fences, etc. 



"The Wild China is also a good honey- 

 yielding tree, nearly or quite equal to 

 the .above; but we do not think it will 

 stand our severe Winters." 



fy\)M mn\ ^'Mx, 



Bees fn Los Angeles County. — Myself 

 and companion have an apiary consist- 

 ing of 150 colonies of bees, in Los An- 

 geles county, California, 18 miles east of 

 Santa Ana, and 12 miles north of San 

 Juan, in the foot-hills of the coast range 

 of mountains. My partner located here 

 in the Fall of 1873, at which time it was 

 the only apiary in this section. Although 

 his bees were in the old-fashioned box 

 hives, he had excellent success, owing 

 no doubt to the superiority of range and 

 mildness of climate. 



Others hearing of his success have 

 coucluded to try their luck in the bee 

 business, in the same locality. We have 

 1'2 or 14 families located here who are 

 establishing apiaries, having waited for 

 the return of cool weather so they may 

 remove their bees in safety from the val- 

 ley. We have succeeded in transferring 

 15(J colonies from the old box hives to the 

 Langstroth, without the loss of a single 

 one, although by some accident we lost 

 four or five cjueens; but they were soon 

 replaced by inserting a frame of larvic 

 into the queenless hive. In transfeiTing 

 we took 13,000 jiouuds of first-class 

 strained honey. My partner had taken 

 7,000 ]3iiunds before transferring, making 

 in all 20,000 pounds from 150 colonies in 

 the old box hive. We expect to have at 

 least 200 colonies with which to com- 

 mence operating in the Spring. — S. P. 

 II., in Am. Bee Journal. 



In the construction of the San Lor- 

 enzo Flume, thirty-four tons of nails 

 were used. The fiume is eleven and 

 three-fouiths miles in length, and absorb- 

 ed 1,000,000 feet of himber in its con- 

 struction. 



According to English papers the foot 

 and mouth disease is still raging almost 

 unabated in that country. It is also 

 spreading among the shepherds' dogs in 

 Yorkshire; the dogs ju'obably catching it 

 from the flocks they tend. 



Chicago, the largest grain market in 

 the world, handles !)O,OO0,00O bushels 

 annually, and has now in operation eigh- 

 teen steam elevators, with a cajiacity of 

 15,350,000 bushels. 



Song of Progress. 



f HAT ! Khali the future fate of man 

 Be likened to the past; 

 And disregard of human rights 

 Continue to the laetV 

 I Shall po^Te^, ambition, and deceit 

 Still warp, and crush, and bind 

 The mind, and body, dark ning still 

 The future of mankind? 



Shall Ignorance, in fetters dire. 



The masses still enslave; 

 And Bigotry, in bitter ire, 



Its dreary dogmas rave ? 

 Shall wealth and wretcliedness for aye 



Their glaring contrast find; 

 And crime and creeds be rife through all 



The future of mankind ? 



Shall Toil produce, but ne'er partake. 



Complain, but yet endure? 

 Is there no physic for the ill, 



No remedy to cure? 

 Yes, there's a problem might be solved 



Freedom's amount to find. 

 For in tlie present is involved 



The future of mankind. 



The task to learn, the part to take. 



The duty to discharge. 

 The obstacle to overthrow. 



Advantage to enlarge: 

 Justice, and Truth, the cynosure 



To guide the earnest mind: 

 The present earnest helper works 



The future of manliind. 



— [Histrion. 



GRANGER'S IDEA 

 QUESTION. 



BY A. O. S. 



ON THE 



E know the universal antagonism 

 of labor and capital, which ex- 

 plains all labor strikes elsewhere. 

 Wise, or otherwise, they will con- 

 tinue, in the nature of things, till 

 justice and equity shall harmonize the 

 conflicting relations of men .and classes, 

 employers and employees. Labor can 

 never be yielded or relinquished, since 

 life itself is only sustained by labor. 

 Labor itself is always the workiugman's 

 capital, which shonld stand forever 

 united and independent, against all mo- 

 nonoly of kings and lords. 



'The negro chattel had rights, founded 

 in human nature. The rebellion was 

 most terribly bloody, to be sure, but the 

 last resort. Mankind is slow to learn. 



The Knights of Agriculture and the 

 Grange are now grand aud extensive. 

 We avoid the blood, but claim justice and 

 equal rights for the farmers aud produc- 

 ers. Parties and sects are ignored. It 

 is a question of manhood and labor 

 against non-laborand money aristocracy. 

 We inaugurate a new order of aristoc- 

 racy, namely, the aristocracy of labor. 



Man is man, and who is more? Come 

 down to the farmer's half bushel. Ever 

 so big or high, or whatever your rank, 

 station, or title, you all have to eat the 

 same bread with us, and we produce it. 

 It is common sense, common labor.com- 

 mon right, common humanity. We 

 want no privileged class of any kind, be- 

 cause the farmer claims equal manhood, 

 and such jairtiality degrades and crushes 

 him down in the dust. Why so many 

 professional br:iins, if the common class 

 are endowed with that needed quality';' 

 Look at it, and abolish such nonsense. 

 You may boast of your famous lawyers, 

 but the essence of all law even the seedy 

 and swarthy farmer can well understand, 

 and save tlie fees, through arbitration, 

 though his carefully studied and classical 

 speech be not reiKUteil in the morning 

 jiapers. The substance of all true, prac- 

 ticiil, common sense religion the plainest 

 and roughest work(>rs may fully compr(^- 

 hend, without making any man an idol. 

 Such gilt-edged, fidse distinction ruins 

 the best society, like the old caste sys- 



tem of India. Then your M. D.s spread 

 round thick and stylish; but does not the 

 extra professional dosing largely increase 

 the general poverty? Would it not be 

 wealth to the working class if they would 

 take care of their own health? Even so, 

 evidently. 



All superfluous offices, legislation, and 

 burdens of old custom or habit in the 

 past, we would throw off and abolish, 

 because thereby labor is taxed, shackled 

 and crushed. \Ve would strike in vari- 

 ous ways; by speech, oral or written, by 

 the newspaper, aud by the ballot. Pity 

 a vast majority of editors are so devoid 

 of brain force and moral back-bone. 

 Never fear to speak the bold and saving 

 truth, for speech is our greatest weapon 

 and power. Speak, sing, write, print, 

 the burning ami blistering truth. "He 

 that would be free, himself must strike 

 the blow." We may make a bloody 

 strike, but there are wiser methods. 

 Ballots are better than bullets. But the 

 best strike of all is co-operation. Strike 

 for manhood, honor, truth and right; 

 with the plow, the hoe, the spade, the 

 ax, the scythe, the hand, the foot. Strike 

 down tyranny and monopoly. Strike 

 up brotherhood and equality. Strike tne 

 saloons, the loafers, the dandies, the pol- 

 iticians, the de.ad-heads, the aristocrats. 

 Strike for the good time coming — the 

 millennium. 



The Grange movement is national, not 

 sectional; and, therefore, when women 

 vote in Minnesota and Texas, they will 

 do the same in California. Millions of 

 Grangers and Sovereigns will be millions 

 for womiiu's ballot. Then keep it before 

 the people. East, west, north and south 

 — the cause is one everywhere. 



Government with us is a multiplicity, 

 a combination, a complication ; a mixed, 

 cunning, confused and intricate web, 

 •with the people for warp and woof, and 

 self-weaving; a nice, curious, beautiful, 

 harmonious, perfect system ! Really, all 

 right for the millennium — only wipe out 

 clean the monstrous and diabolical abuses 

 and abominations, and all those am- 

 bitious ones who stand outside, a peg or 

 two above the working class, to boss, 

 assume, grab and monopolize the whole 

 grtind job, and hay on the big taxes. We 

 must mark and correct the foul, black 

 proof-sheet, and pick out the knotty and 

 tangled threads, and kill monopoly stone 

 dead. 



LABOR. 



liV MES. L. H. GUNN. 



Ever since the decree that man shouKl 

 " eat bread in the sweat of his f ace, " 

 hibor has been considered a curse, a de- 

 grading punishment for the sins of our 

 first parents. From the stately Roman 

 of ancient times, down to the men and 

 women of the present age, we find the 

 idea firmly fixed in a certain class of 

 minds thiit work is low, disgraceful, tend- 

 ing to make us mere animals, blunting 

 our moral nature rather than elevating 

 us. An essayist s;iys "things altect the 

 mind ;iccor(liiJgly as we put them;" thus 

 it is with lalKU', if we put it as drudgery, 

 it becomes so, and ceases to be a bless- 

 ing; and so, considering the means with- 

 out the end, nothing that we have of 

 ourselves in this life, is a blessing, foi 

 everything that is worth having is the 

 price of labor, and the bettor, the more 

 valuable a thing is, the harder the work 

 for its attiunment. Iron is heaped in 

 mountain piles, and, comjiarativcly 

 speaking, is obtained with slight labor; 

 while gold-tlakes are the fruits of hard, 

 incessant toil. Fishes, ill countless 

 numbers, are found almost upon the sur- 

 face of the water; but pearls come only 



