California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 



crackers, and hiid a nice time making all 

 tlie noise we wanted to. We were near 

 a brciCik where we gathered some beauti- 

 ful ferns. We saw one snake, but did 

 not kill it. I hope all your little friends 

 had as nice a time on the Fourth as I 

 did. Here is a short puzzle: 



Jly first is in lend, but not in borrow; 



My second is in to-day, but not in to- 

 morrow : 



My third is in Zillie, but not in Mollie; 



Jly fourth is in baby, but not in dollit; 



Jly whole is what little boys and girls 

 never should be. 



D.4ISY G. 



Toiuniy Clark, of Livermore, has not 

 forgotten us. Here is a letter and puzzle 

 he has written : 



Dear Aunt Folbj: The answer to Jen- 

 nie's puzzle is "Aunt Folly oilers premi- 

 ums for the best puzzles; let us all try." 

 I noticed that she did not use any figure 

 two at all. I send an enigma: 

 My 18, 23, 33 is light. 

 My 31, 7, 2-1, 13 is to venture. 

 My 23, IG, !), 8, 7, 27 is a beast. 

 My 3, 32, 29 is an animal. 

 My 4, 19, 29 is to permit. 

 My 32, ly, 11, 1.5, 14, 31 is a preposition. 

 Jly 12, 1, 29 is good to eat. 

 My 14, 1.5, 18, 24, 21 is to hasten. 

 My 2, 30, 29 is an adverb. 

 My 14, 0, G, 25 is to whistle. 

 My 5, 17, 20, 33 is a whirling pool. 

 Mv 10, 2fl, 28 is turf. 

 My 24, 22, 20 is a color. 

 My whole is i-epresented Viy one of the 

 letters of the ali)habet. 



Tommy C. 



Here is another letter from Livermore: 

 Dmr Aioil I'uUi/: I received my chro- 

 nios, I thank y<ju for them. I love the 

 darling little birds and chickens; nothing 

 could have jjleased me better. I was 

 very glad to see my rebus in "Our Cor- 

 ner." Your niece, Maiiy C. 



Mary sends another reb\is, which I 

 cannot give because the printer has no 

 way of illustrating it. Such things need 

 to be engraved on wood, and Aunt Folly 

 is not an engraver. 



Here is a whole string of puzzles sent 

 us by "Two Californians." How many 

 uf them con you make out? First let us 

 try tlie word rebus. Hero it is: 



-ove 



Love 



DOL'UI.U ACEOKTO. 



Ucad dowHwards the initials form a 

 city in Georgia; the finals a city in Wis- 

 cojisiu: 1, a city in New Jersey; 2, a 

 city in Florida; 3, aii island belonging to 

 Ni^w York; 4, a range of mountaing in 

 Asia; .5, a city iu Italy; G, a city in Can- 

 ada; 7, a city in Illinois. 



SCJUAUE WOKDS. 



1, a celestial body; 2, domestic; 3, an 

 ejaculation; 4, a girl's name. 



1, to peruse; 2, a girl's name; 3, a mi- 

 nute particle; 4, is not perfectly dry. 



CONCKAI.ED TIIKES AND FLOWERS. 



1— Tell i;thel May wants to see her, 



2 — Haug up the dish-pan, Silvia. 



3--I m;viir saw such force, daring and 

 valor displayed before. 



4 — Did you see that sweet peasant girl'/ 



5 — Yes. Have you copied that map, 

 LeanderV 



G— No; l)ut I will. I say, pick up that 

 pin, Karl. 



7 — What! Are you sick? A more sad 

 [ event could not have happened. 



8 — 1 rise early every morning and take 

 a walk. 



WOED PUZZLE. 



My first is in chocolate, bat not in tea; 

 My second is in you, but not in me; 

 My third is in archer, but not in frog; 

 My fourth is in cat, but not in dog; 

 My fifth is in ride, but not in walk; 

 My sixth is in stand, but not in talk; 

 My seveuth is in thumb, but not iu hand; 

 My eighth is in hat, but not iu band; 

 My whole is a flowering bulb. 



CJEOGEAPHICAL ENIGMA. 



I am composed of twenty-five letters. 



My 5, 10, y, 22, 23, 2, 4, I'o is a river in 

 river in the United States. 



My 4, 22, 3, 8, 10 is a river in Spain. 



My 11, 20, G, 15, 4 is a lake in Africa. 



My 20, 10, 16, 35, 9 is a sea in Austral- 

 asia. 



My 23, 24, 7. 4 is a city in Arabia. 



My 9, 19, 1, 25 is a city in South Amer- 

 ica. 



My 9, 15, 20, 5, 7, 4, 19, 18, 13 are is- 

 lands iu the Indian Ocean 



My 14, 2, 17 is a cape on the east coast 

 of the United States. 



My 3, 12, 24, 5, 15 is a city in New 

 York. 



My 3, 21, 25, 6 is one of the United 

 States. 



My whole are the given names, without 

 the surname, of one of the Princess 

 of Wales' children. 



IViISS OTTERSON'S SCHOOL. 



Dear Children: I promised Aunt Polly 

 last month to write you sonu^thing about 

 Miss Otterson and her little school and 

 family — for she is a woman of family al- 

 though a delicate invalid. Though never 

 married, yet she has adopted ten little 

 children, eight of whom are living to 

 bless and repay her, I trust, for her ten- 

 der care and love of them all these years. 

 Her eldest boy is now attending the Nor- 

 mal School. Her eldest girl is her 

 thrifty housekeeper, aud drives the 

 spleildid team daily after the children, 

 taking them home also. Tliiuk of that, 

 little folks! Mustn't it be nice fun to 

 have a ride to and from school? No 

 tardy marks; no dusty, tiresome walk; 

 but a brisk ride. And, ye mothers! 

 what a relief to feel sui-e that the little 

 ones have got to school safely, and will 

 come home aU right, too! 



There is a ue-v school-house being 

 built for Miss Otterson adjoiuiug her 

 present house, and when that is finished 

 I will tell you all about her school. 



Her twin daughters (chaiuuiug girls, 

 about 15) entertained us with music, 

 showing much natural talent and great 

 perseverance. She has five girls, the 

 youngest nearly nine years old. 



Do you know, children, when I- look 

 at Miss Otterson, that 1 felt a reverence 

 for that small-bodied, but large-souled 

 woman, whose life has been a struggle, 

 but who has tilled a mother's place to so 

 many motherless hearts? Yet this frail 

 woman has willingly and gladly taken 

 upon herself duties that few moth- 

 ers have performed, though the joy of 

 motherhood has paid them for all. Her 

 examiile should iuspiro us all to do what 

 we can to help this big human family 

 along, making it better for the little we 

 we can do. Jkwei.l. 



CRANDWIA'S TALKS. 



Easy Lessons from Nature— No. e. 



Good morning, Johnny aud little 

 Lucy. I am glad to have a talk witli 

 you once more. What news have you to 

 tell me this morning? That Johnny has 

 just broken a window with his new ball. 

 What a pity! I hope, Johnny, that you 

 have ijocket money enough left from tho 

 Fourth of July to pay for it. If child- 



ren pay promptly for tho mischief they 

 do, it makes them more careful in fu- 

 ture. 



See, I have a ball in my desk here 

 which would be far safer for you to play 

 with, .Johnny. It has a rubber string 

 attached, which you can keep firm hold 

 oft'; then see, when I throw it how nicely 

 it springs back into my hand. 



Oh! this is a girl's ball, is it, and you 

 don't want it? Well, I will give it to 

 Lucy when our talk is over. 



Now, as I lay it on the desk, why does 

 it roll immediately to the floor, as if 

 pulled ott' by an invisible string, then 

 after rolling a little it stops still? What 

 starts that ball, and what stops it? John- 

 ny says the desk is slanting and the floor 

 is flat, and balls roll so nicely, they never 

 stop the minute they touch the floor. 

 But this does not answer my question. 

 What pulls it down like an invisible 

 string the instant it is laid on a surface 

 not exactly level? Did either of you 

 ever think of that before when you have 

 had so many bumped heads and tumbles? 

 Y'ou see, the earth is always pulling 

 down everything smaller than itself. 

 This force is called 



ATTKACTION OF GEAVITATION, 



the force that pulls everything towards 

 the earth. 



Lucy, can you lift this table? What 

 makes it too heavy for you? Yes, the 

 earth can pull harder than you can. So 

 you see that attraction gives weiijht; any- 

 thing is heavy or light according to the 

 force required to overcome the attraction 

 of gravitation. 



What is the shape of the earth, John- 

 ny? Round, like an orange; and attrac- 

 tion makes it this shape also. When 

 you are older you will be better able to 

 understand the reason. 



What do you mean, then when you 

 say the floor is flat? This is a difficult 

 question to answer, so I will help you. 

 Now, suppose the very moment you drop 

 your ball to the ground here in Califor- 

 nia, some boy on the opposite side of 

 the earth (in Africa, near the Cape of 

 Good Hop)e, perhaps) drops a stone. 

 The ball and stone would fall directly to- 

 wards each other, attracted towards the 

 center of the earth. Now suppose an- 

 other boy in New York drops a stone at 

 the same moment, it will also fall to- 

 wards the center of the earth, and you 

 three boys are standing with your feet 

 i:ioiuting towards each other. Now each 

 of you would call the floor Hut, or level. 

 under your feet — and why? Because, if 

 really level, every part of the floor or 

 ground upon which you stand is equally 

 distant from the center of the earth. In 

 building houses carpenters use what is 

 called a "spirit level" to get their floor 

 exact, so that the house will stand per- 

 fectly straight. The first time you see a 

 carpenter building a house, I wish you 

 would ask to see the iustrumeut ho uses 

 to get the exact level with. 



Now, you notice that my desk is made 

 so that one edge is nearer the floor than 

 the opposite edge. Johnny calls that a 

 ".slanting" surface, which is quite cor- 

 rect. If I place the ball on this slant, 

 the earth pulls as an invisible string at- 

 tached to the center of the ball, and as 

 such a string would fall outside the little 

 spot where the ball totiches the desk, it 

 would be pulled over and continue to 

 roll until the line imlls straight through 

 the poiut of contact, when it will stop. 

 Now, Johnny, can you answer my 

 question, what starts and what stops tho 

 ball? Attraction to the earth. You are 

 right. 



This attraction extends to tho moon, 

 and causes it to revolve around the earth. 

 Lucy wants to know why the moon does 



not smash down upon us then. ! 



AVatch this ball, Lucy, as I whirl it 

 around my hand by the string — the 

 string will represent the attraction pull- 

 ing the ball (the moon) to my hand 

 (which we will call the earth). Notice 

 how the string stretches as if trying to 

 break! I will dip the ball in water, then 

 whirl it, and see how the water fles oil 

 in all directions! If I should let go of 

 the string, the ball would fly off with 

 great force. This force is called 



THE CENTEIFUGAL FORCE, 



and when bodies are moving around a 

 center its tendency is to make them fly 

 o9' from the center. Attraction, you will 

 remember, draws them towards the cen- 

 tral body. If these opposift(//o?'c('s are of 

 ecjual strength the revolving body is kept 

 moving iu a circle, as the moon revolves 

 around the earth, and the earth around 

 the sun. I have seen a boy whirl a pail 

 half full of water round and round, as I 

 am whirling this ball, safe not to spill 

 one drop as long as rapid motion was 

 kept up. Why? Because the water was 

 forced back iu the pail, away from the 

 center of motion, by the centrifugal 

 force. One unfortunate boy tried the 

 same trick very successfully with a pail 

 of eggs, until his companion slyly poked 

 out a stick, stopjiing them suddenly 

 when directly over his head. Lo ! in an 

 instant, he was covered from head to 

 foot with broken eggs. Stopping the 

 r.apid motion put an end to the opposing 

 force, aud the earth pulled the eggs 

 straight down without any reference to 

 the naughty boy who was under them. 



LIGHT BODIES. 



Do you ever see anything rising from 

 the earth instead of falling to it? Johnny 

 says balloons rise up, and Lucy says 

 smoke. I will explain the reason of 

 that. Here is a cork which, if I let go, 

 will fall to the table. I will drop it into 

 the glass full of water. It immediately 

 rises to the top and there remains. Why? 

 Because the earth pulls stronger at the 

 water than at the cork, or, in other 

 words, the cork is the lighter, and is 

 pushed uj) by tho water. So it is with 

 the balloon, which is filled wilh a gas 

 much lighter than air; the same with 

 smoke and steam, they are lighter than 

 air. 



Here I have a curious little plaything 

 — a little wooden doll, an inch long, 

 which stands alone, but always on its 

 head. Set it on its feet. Pop ! over it 

 jumps upon its head. The doll is made 

 of the pith of some kind of wood which 

 is very light, and in the very top of its 

 head a piece of lead is h;uumered. Tho 

 head is so heavy that it is attracted to 

 the earth tho moment the doll is free. 

 We call these "pith-witches." 



Organization and Duties of tho 

 Judges on Live Stock at the 

 Centennial Exhibition. 



In our June number, page 80, will be 

 seen a list of stated displays at the lu- 

 teruational Exhibition. Wo now give 

 tho rules governing the judges for awards 

 of premiums on live stock. 



1. Awards shall be based on written 

 reports, attested by the signatures of 

 their authors. 



2. Reports will bo based upon inher- 

 ent and comparative merit, the elements 

 of merit being specifically mentioned. 



3. Tho judges assigned to each group 

 will choose from among themselves a 

 chairnum and secretary. They must 

 keep regular minutes of their proceed- 

 inga. Reports recommending awarils 

 shall be made and signed by a judge in 

 each group, stating the grounds of tlu 



