CalifornLtV Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal, 



139 



lire while filling, at the same time it gives 

 the patient jierfect ease anil fi-eedom. 



But notwithstanding the many im- 

 provements and the cttorts made to less- 

 en the severit}' of the dental chair, there 

 are a few who approach it with a falter- 

 ing step and a feeling akin to that of a 

 martyr of olden times, when live nerves 

 were plucked from their bony cells with 

 ruthless hand. T^ufortunately those few 

 approach the chair so seldom that their 

 teeth are irretrievably lost. This brings 

 us to the subject of 



AKTIFICIAL TEETH, 



and while this branch of the profession 

 has been making rapid strides, there 

 seems to be one feature which has been 

 partially overlooked. This is in the 

 failure to reslore the natural expression 

 of the face by the replacement of lost 

 teeth. The great law of adaptation in 

 reference to which Nature plans all her 

 work, is nowhere more manifest than in 

 her production of human teeth — always 

 beautiful, unless deformed. And when 

 it becomes necessary, through neglect or 

 other causes, to have these natural or- 

 gans remove, the inventive skill of man 

 comes into requisition to furnish a sub- 

 stitute which may not only be useful, 

 but shall recognize this unerring law of 

 harmony. So perfectly has this difficult 

 task been performed by the ingenious 

 and untiring manufacturers of artificial 

 teeth, that the dentist has no excuse, 

 through lack of study or perception, to 

 cause such glaring deformities as are of- 

 ten perpetrated. It is evident that the 

 majority of those engaged in this branch 

 of the profession have given more time 

 and study to the best methods of secur- 

 ing comfort, usefulness and durability to 

 artificial dentures than to the equally 

 important question of fitness and har- 

 mony with the general physical charac- 

 teristics of the patient. To this account 

 may be justly charged the unsightly ap- 

 pearance of mouths whose lost teeth 

 have been replaced in disregard of this 

 universal law. It matters not how well 

 adapted for speech and mastication au 

 artificial denture may be, if it bear not 

 the relation demanded by age, tempera- 

 ment, peculiar mould of face, etc., it 

 cannot fail to give that firtiflcial appear- 

 ance which attracts the attention of 

 every beholder. And yet we often see 

 this sad lack of taste staring at us from 

 mouths where every sense of aesthetic 

 beauty and harmony is violated — teeth 

 of a Eussiau in the mouth of a French- 

 man, those of a New Englander given to 

 a South Carolinian, or those of a Cana- 

 dian to a Cuban ; the lips of age disclos- 

 ing the teeth of youth, and no distinc- 

 tion made between a male and a female 

 denture. 



San Jose, August, ISTll. 



KEEP FOOD IN A CLEAN PLACE. 



Ed. Aoricultokist: I inclose an ex- 

 tract from No. 1675 of Littell's Licing 

 Aije, showing the absorptive power of 

 milk, which fact may be new to many of 

 your readers, and I think that this curi- 

 ous power in milk may be the unsus- 

 pected source of ill health in many 

 families who are compelled to keep their 

 daily supply of milk in the same room 

 with other articles of food. 



J. P. ROWE. 



Absoeptive Power of Milk. — Atten- 

 tion has been called in the daily papers 

 to a practice prevalent in some parts of 

 the country, which appear to illustrate 

 the poNver possessed by milk of absorb- 

 ing atmospheric impurities. It is that of 

 idacing a saucer of new milk in a larder, 

 to preserve meat or game from taint. It 

 is said that not only does it answer that 



the milk after a few 

 bad that no animal 



purpose, but that 

 hours becomes so 

 will touch it. 



[Housekeepers cannot bo too cautious 

 how they expose food of any kind to 

 emenations of decaying substances. Dry 

 bread will absorb decaying odors and 

 soon become unfit to be taken into the 

 human stomach, if shut up in the same 

 room or cupboard with bad vegetables, 

 meat or other things. Water will ab.sorb 

 infectious air if left in a sick room, or 

 exposed to putridity. There is great ap- 

 parent ignorance generally upon this 

 subject, and many persons and families 

 are made sick from eating and drinking 

 substances that have been rendered pois- 

 onous by absorbing the germs of disease 

 from bad air. — Ed.] 



LESSONS TAUGHT BY SUFFERING 



Ed. AcnicnLTURi.sT: The bed of sick- 

 ness often teaches many valuable lessons. 

 Sufi'ering untold agony with an affecticjn 

 of the head, resulting in partial deafness, 

 I learned a lesson never to be forgotten. 

 The thoughts and suspicions, without 

 any foundation, which leaped through 

 my brain were unjust and unnecessary. 

 I have since tried to look with charity 

 and real pity on those with faults, since 

 nothing so much as ill health or abnor- 

 mal conditions can cause inconsistencies 

 of conduct and petulence. 



Be tender towards a fr(*tful child. The 

 cause may be traced to indigestion, un- 

 equal circulation or some discomfort of 

 the body. Keep before you the fact that 

 two-thirds of humanity are sufferers 

 physically, and yo\i may not wonder at 

 the impoijsibility of perfection on earth. 

 Of all the virtues we poor mortals need 

 most to cultivate, cluirily slamk firxt. 



AUUNDAL. 



How TO Rescde a Drowminm Person. 

 A child may be easily managed by an ex- 

 pert swimmer; but if the drowning per- 

 son is strong and powerful, it is often 

 imperatively necessary to keep out of his 

 reach until he is partially exhausted; 

 otherwise he will clvitch his rescuer, and 

 both may go down together helpless. 

 Calmness and caution are invaluable in 

 the water. The sufferer will clutch any- 

 thing extended toward him at first — an 

 oar, branch of a tree, a necktie, or a 

 sleeve of a jacket, and if the other end of 

 the article can be held in the mouth, the 

 rescuer has the use of his arms. But 

 still it is needful to keep out of the reach 

 of the drowning person. Go behind him 

 and push him along, but never attempt 

 to reason with him. If he becomes in- 

 sensible, a good swimmer can easily 

 bring him to the shore or to a place of 

 safety, and then the proper means of re- 

 storation should be immediately used. 

 Impulsive recklessness, even though in- 

 spired by the most generous feeling, will 

 not be so likely to save a drowning man 

 as thoughtful caution. ' It m.ay be well 

 to mention that in case one feels cramp 

 coming on while in the water, it is best 

 not to stop, but to strike out faster than 

 before; a sudden jerk of the limb is often 

 an efl'ectual relief. 



To Save the Drowxinq. — The Massa- 

 chusetts Humane Society has published 

 very brief and intelligible directions for 

 saving the lives of persons rescued from 

 the water after they have become iuseu- 

 sible. They are as follows: 



1. Lose no time. Carry out these di- 

 rections on the spot. 



2. Remove the froth and mucus from 

 the mouth and nostrils. 



3. Hold the bod}-, for a few 'seconds 

 only, with the head hanging down, so 



that the water may run out ot the lungs 



and windpipe. 



i. Loosen all tight articles of clothing 

 about the neck and chest. 



5. See that the tongue is pulled for- 

 ward if it falls back into the throat. By 

 taking hold of it with a handkerchief it 

 will not slip. 



0. If the breathing has ceased, or 

 nearly so, it must bo stimulated by pres- 

 sure of the chest with the hands, in imi- 

 tation of the natural breathing; forcibly 

 expelling the air from the lunge, and al- 

 lowing it to rt-cnter and expand them 

 by the elasticity of the ribs. Kemember 

 that this is the most importjint step of 

 all. 



To do it readily lay the person on his 

 back, with a cushion, pillow or some 

 lirm sulistanee under his shoulders; then 

 press with the Hat of the hands over the 

 lower part of the breast bone and the 

 u])per part of the abdomen, keeping up 

 a regular repetition and rehixation of 

 pressure twenty or thirty times a minute. 

 .\ pressure of thirty pounds may be ap- 

 plied with safety to a grown person. 



7. Kub the limbs with the hands or 

 with dry cloths constantly, to aid the 

 circulation and keep the body warm. 



8. As soon as the person can swallow, 

 give a tablespoonful of spirits in hot 

 water, or some warm coffee or tea. 



'J. Work deliberately. Do not give up 

 too quickly. Success has of ten rewarded 

 the eft'orts of hours. 



Eating Feuit Skins. — The maijority 

 of country people I have observed eating 

 fruit, eat the skin of it also. Their chil- 

 dren eat it in the same manner, and 

 seem never to have been taught that the 

 skin of fruit — be it apple, ijeach, pear, 

 plum or grape — should never be eaten, 

 especially if uncooked. F''ruit skins are 

 so difficult of digestion that there is pro- 

 bably not more than one stomach in a 

 hundred capable of performing the dif- 

 ficult task. The skins are to fruit what 

 shells are to nuts, hides to animals, and 

 husks to grain. To oblige or allow a 

 child to eat his apple or pear unpeeled, 

 is unkind and wrong, for it is no ques- 

 tion of daintiness, but of health. — Cor. 

 liural Sew Yorker. 



Remedy fok Wahts. — Warts are very 

 troublesome and disfiguring. The fol- 

 lowing is a perfect cure, even of the 

 largest, without leaving any scar. It is 

 a Frenchman's prescription, and has 

 been tested by the writer: Take a small 

 piece of raw beef, steep it all night in 

 vinegar, cut as much from it as will cover 

 the wart, and tie it on it; it the excres- 

 ence is on the forehead, fasten it on 

 with strii)s of sticking-plaster. It may 

 be removed in the ilay and put on every 

 night. In one fortnight the wart will 

 die and peel oft". The same prescrip- 

 tion will cure corns. 



A Child's Bed. — A child's bed should 

 slope a little from the head to the foot, 

 so that the head may be a little higher 

 than the feet — but never bend the neck 

 to get the head on a pillow. This makes 

 the child round-shouldered, cramps the 

 veins and arteries, and interferes with 

 the free circulation of the blood. Even 

 when the child is several years old the 

 pillow should be thin, and made of hair, 

 not feathers. 



Eakacue. — There is scarcely any ache 

 to which children are subject, so bad to 

 bear and difllcult to cure, as the earache. 

 But there is a remedy never known to 

 fail. Take a bit of cotton batting, put 

 upon it a pinch of black pepper, gather 

 it up and tie it, dip in sweet oil, and in- 

 sert into the ear. Put a flannel bandage 

 over the head to keep it warm. It will 

 give immediate relief. 



Pkeservatios of the Teeth. — Bow- 

 ditch, in examining the teeth of forty 

 persons of ditt'erent kinds of life, found 

 in almost all vegetable and animal para- 

 sites. The parasites were numerous in 

 proportion to the neglect of cleanliness. 

 The means ordinarily employed to clean 

 the teeth had no efi'ect on the imrasites, 

 whilsOj Boajjy water appeared to destroy 

 them. If this be a true version of the 

 cause of caries — the action of acids, sup- 

 plemented by the action of fungi — then 

 it follows that the great means of pre- 

 serving the teeth is to preserve the most 

 scrupulous cleanliness of the mouth and 

 teeth, and to give to the rinsing liquids 

 a slightly alkaline character, which is 

 done by the admixture of a little soap. 

 This is not so pleasant a dentrifice as 

 some, but is tfi'eetive and scientific. 

 Acids not only dissolve the salts of the 

 teeth, but favor the increase of the fungi 

 of the mouth. No increase of fungi and 

 no action the dental tissue occur in solu- 

 tion of soap. The good efl'ects of stop- 

 ping the decay of the teeth, in the light 

 of these experiments, are intelligible. 

 The penetration of acids and fungi is 

 jirevented. 



Care or the IIaii!. — Brushing the hair 

 every day, the more the better, is recom- 

 mended to those who crave a luxuriaot 

 and handsome giowth. If it is very 

 oily, wash it occasionally with a lotion 

 made by mixing one drachm of soda with 

 half a pint of water and adding the well- 

 beaten yolks of two eggs. A teaspoonful 

 of ammonia in a quart of rain water 

 makes a good lotion for the hair; wash it 

 in this frequently, dr}' it well, and brush 

 it a long time; if the ammonia is too 

 strong it will bleach the hair and injure 

 it. The use of a lead comb will darken 

 flaxen and red h.air, and so, it is said on 

 good authority, will water in which po- 

 tatoes have been boiled. Hair oils and 

 pomades are au abomination, and are, as 

 they should be, entirely out of fashion. 



To Avoid Sleeplessness. — If you wish 

 to sleep well, eat sparingly of early sup- 

 pers. Avoid all arguments or contested 

 subjects near night as these are likely to 

 have a bad efl'ect on one who is toubled 

 with sleeplessness at night. Avoid hav- 

 ing too much company, Mauy persons 

 become so excited with the meeting of 

 friends that sleep departs (or a time. 

 There is probably nothing better after 

 cultivating a tranquil mind, than exer- 

 cise in the open air. By observing these 

 simple rules, sleeplessness, in the ma- 

 jority of instances, may be wholly cured. 



To Remove Freckles. — X simple 

 remedy for removing freckles is a pint 

 of sour milk and a small quaneity of 

 horse-radish. Let the mi.\turo stand 

 over night, and use it as a wash three 

 times a day until the freckles disappear. 



The Earliest Bank of History. 



PAPER vs. COIN. 



In 1171, when the gallant republic of 

 Venice singly withstood the shock of the 

 Asiatic hordes that threatened to inun- 

 date Europe, Duke Vitale Michell II. 

 called on the wealthy citizens to contrib- 

 ute to a load of 2,OUO,000 ductats for the 

 defense of the state, the sums so loaned 

 to be entered to the credit of the contrib- 

 utors on the books of the republic. 

 These credits being divisible and trans- 

 furable, grew into favor as a currency, 

 performing all the functions of money, 

 and rose to a high premium above gold 

 and silver coin. Such was the origin of 

 the earliest bank of history. In 1423, a 

 law fixed the arjio, or premium, at 20 per 

 cent., and directed all payments not 

 otherwise provided for to be paid at the 



vC 



