26 



California Agriculturist and Live Stock Journal. 



You have mietaken the time for imperial 

 ■usurpation and costly display. 



The people are jiatient, very patient 

 with the ridiculous follies of our Repub- 

 lican apes of royalty, but it has come to 

 earnest crime: all this robbery of the 

 people has come to munlrr; yes cruel 

 murder at last, by the most miserable of 

 deaths, starvation. 



Famine cannot be chained by statuteB. 



Never say "It is not I." Thou art the 

 man. 



The millions of money the toiling mul- 

 titudes have paid to bondholders would 

 have saved them this great wrong: not 

 only the pains of hunger, but the humil- 

 iation of becoming the recipients of doled 

 out charity. Oh if you, and you Con- 

 gressmen, could only be compelled to 

 Uve, day after day, on the scanty dole of 

 Boup, pompously dealt to your out- 

 stretched, begging hand, it would be but 

 poetic justice! 



What did you do? You sold, mort- 

 gaged the toil of the people, the indus- 

 tries of the whole country to the money- 

 lenders, for a bribe. Thieves, swindlers, 

 yow have robbed toil of its just returns, 

 md yet you dare appeal to the people 

 who arc your victims to keep your part 

 3f the contract with your bribers, and 

 j'et farther to starve and toil to make 

 ;ood your promises that no money but 

 jold sh.all be legal, and they who have 

 ihe gold to sell are your masters. — Oak- 

 'and Val. Zegal Tender. 



The grasping gold lords of Europe 

 jovern this country in all things which 

 iffect their interests, and it is to their 

 nterest to be continually "on the make." 

 rhey have succeeded in demonetizing 

 everything but gold, and they control all 

 n- nearly all there is in the world of that, 

 3r, in the slang of the day, they have 

 "cornered" it, and now have laid their 

 )Ians to control or own every other pro- 

 luetion or kind of property, and direct 

 he legislation of the States in such a 

 nanuer, through the instrumentality of 

 >onds and banking institutions, as to 

 bsolutely, for all practical purposes, 

 )wn the country. 



rhe Future Legislation of the 

 Country. 



The people of the United States are 

 ppressed to death with taxes, tariffs, 

 ligh rates of interest, patent ofHce roj-- 

 Ities, and monopolies created by class 

 egislation by the Federal and State gov- 

 rnments. 



No people on earth are more governed 

 md pay so high for it. It costs every 

 iraerican citizen in our States about 

 sighteeu dollars per head for the privil- 

 sge of living in the country one year. 

 This is a grievious burden to put on ev- 

 ery man, woman, child, Indian and 

 negro who claims to be a citizen. It 

 akes, consequently, about eighty dol- 

 ars to every head of a family to clear 

 lis tithes for being governed. In Eng- 

 ind, the people, on the same basis, pay 

 about six and three-fourth dollars per 

 head; in France, seven and one-fourth 

 dolUivs; in Prussia, about eight dollars; 

 u .Vustria and Russia about eight and 

 ;hree-fo\irth dollars. 



The exports of the United States, 

 which represents the surplus of the coun- 

 ti-y, is in round numbers about six hun- 

 Ired and forty-five millions of dollars a 

 year — that is, the entire surjdus of the 

 country only pnys about ten mouths of 

 b 4xes, and leaves two months each 

 ^ev unpaid for. . This two mouths' de- 

 ficit, or oni' hundred aiul twenty-two 

 millions of dciUars, is obtained by the 

 moneyed tax receivers, who are to be 

 bond holders, by forced sales of lands, 



houses, mules, horses, cattle and other 

 property each year. It is not at all as- 

 tonishing when we view these figures 

 that we hear "hard times," "hard 

 times " repeated everywhere among the 

 laboring classes. 



The tax burdens are not much more 

 oppressive to the working man than the 

 unjust tariff laws that forces every man 

 to give a full tithe of his labor to certain 

 pampered industries, under the pretence 

 of protecting manufactories. But even 

 the tariff is less burdensome than the 

 royalty taken from the people each year 

 by the action of the patent office laws. 

 The people pay royalty enough each 

 year to pay off one-fourth of the national 

 debt. 



As they suffer from the patent office 

 laws, so they equally suffer from other 

 monopolies, among which are giant rail- 

 roads and national banks, each of which 

 every year rob the labor of the country 

 of enough to pay the interest on the na- 

 tional debt twice over. 



But perhaps the most grievious evil of 

 all is the high rates of interest allowed 

 in the different States for the use of 

 money, and ujion bonded debts and ac- 

 counts. 



The injury to the laboring classes from 

 this source are absolutely appalling. A 

 moneyed aristocracy has already grown 

 up in our New World, through the in- 

 fluence of usurious laws, which in power 

 has now become so great as to sen-ibly 

 influence every branch of our law-mak- 

 ing machinery. The judiciary, by this 

 same raonej' power, is so far influenced 

 that it is next to impossible to get a de- 

 cision on any constitutional or statutory 

 question which is detrimental to the in- 

 terests of the money cliques and dealers 

 of the nation. 



Now, what the peopled want, above all 

 things else, is reform on all these points, 

 and the subordination of the monej'ed 

 cliques and monopolies to the public 

 good. 



We want, as nearly as we can get it, 

 free trade, low taxes, a sound national 

 paper currency, with no issues of money 

 except by the National Government. A 

 patent office wherein all royalties on in- 

 ventions or discoveries shall be controll- 

 ed by law, and a rate of interest or usury 

 not to exceed in any State of the Union 

 four per cent., or the average net gains 

 of the leading industries of the country. 



It behooves our voters everywhere to 

 study these questions attentively, and 

 then to act wiselj', and then to see that 

 no man is elected to any law-making of- 

 fice unles he stands pledged to carry out 

 the views which are to benefit the great 

 working classes, and not the moneyed 

 sharks of our large cities. We do hope 

 the people everywhere will think well on 

 every vote they give hereafter, until low 

 taxation, low rates of interest, free trade 

 and just laws, administered with rigid 

 economy, will make us the most pros- 

 perous and wealthy people on earth. — 

 New York Mercantile Journal. 



A Great Want. — "A great want of 

 cheap labor. " What for? Why, quite 

 a number of capitalists are hankering 

 after the proceeds of other men's toil, 

 and if men earn enough to live well they 

 get strong and saucy. It is better to 

 have gangs of weaklings who will work 

 for little and remain too hungry and ab- 

 ject to desire a voice in the government! 

 There is a great want of servile, cheap, 

 ombruted men— a great want of cheap 

 labor! Who wants it? Is it the work- 

 ing men? They are the majority, and 

 should have the aay-so.— Legal Tvnda: 



One halk the world is not spurred 

 and booted to ride the other half. The 



half which would stand back with folded 

 hands giving words of command are 

 cheating themselves when they endeavor 

 to cheapen the wages of the other half. 

 They are reaUy in doing so sowing the 

 seeds of their own destruction. Nothing 

 is so dangerous in society as the ignorant 

 class. Cheap labor means cheap food, 

 which dwarfs men morally and intellectu- 

 allj'. Cheap labor forces men into ig- 

 norance, which is the mother of vice. 

 Cheap labor means that the tax for sup- 

 port of penitentiaries must be increased; 

 that reform schools shall multiply. We 

 not only do not want cheap labor, we 

 want less hours of it. Cheap labor 

 brings in its train of evils a disposition 

 to grab large tracts of land. Cheap Chi- 

 nese labor will make rich men richer 

 and poor men poorer. For perfect de- 

 velopment of the race each man must 

 labor, each man must do his individual 

 share in the muscle work of society. 

 There ought to be no mudsill. It cost 

 this country thousands of lives to de- 

 stroy the .sj'stem of slavery in this 

 country, which was built upon the mud- 

 sill theory. If in a comuurnity of 100 

 citizens 50 arrogate to themselves the 

 brains and seek to control the muscles of 

 the other .50, they will in the end either 

 have an abject race or they will have re- 

 volution. 





INDEPENDET OF DROUTH. 



'^''- PRODUCT that is not affected by 

 the drouth, on this coast, one 

 that can be relied upon in any 

 season, is something that, on this 

 account alone, should commend it 

 attention of farmers generally. 

 The grape vine will flourish equally well 

 in wet or dry years, and the fruit is even 

 richer in sacharine qualities in di-y sea- 

 sons. A good vineyard on every farm 

 would be a source of profit at all times, 

 and to be relied upon when all other 

 crops fail. The value of grapes for food 

 while fresh, and put up fresh in cans, 

 and cured into raisins, is not yet gener- 

 ally appreciated by our people. In 

 some parts of Arabia, grapes are often 

 the principal food of men and domestic 

 animals. Long journeys are performed 

 by men and horses with little or no oth- 

 er food. There are few single products 

 of greater value as food than the grape, 

 containing as it does all the elements of 

 nutrition needed to sustain life and 

 strength. A good raisin vineyard on 

 any farm, where grapes will do well, can 

 be made to pay as well as or better than 

 any crop upon the same acreage, and 

 while civilization exists there will al- 

 ways be a market for raisins at good 

 paying rates. With such a vineyard, of 

 fair proportions, no matter how dry the 

 seasons, a farmer need never be without 

 a revenue that will insure him from 

 want. 



We will here call attention to the mat- 

 ter of planting vines, especially to raise 

 grapes for swine. Those could he culti- 

 vated in convenient places in grain fields 

 where hogs are pastured and fattened. 

 If the porkers can have grapes to run to 

 while fattening on the grain, they will 

 increase in weight much faster, be 

 healthier and make better pork, than 

 upon dry grain alone. The common 

 Jlission grape wouUl probably be as 

 good as any for this purpose, as the 

 vines are vigorous and the production of 

 rich fruit is large. Whenever we go out 

 among the farmers, it is a wonder to us 

 why the majority of thorn have no or- 

 chards or vineyards. It seems as though 



they have not yet commenced to know 

 that they are in a civilized country and 

 have the power and right to partake of 

 fruits "under their own vine and fig 

 Iree." 



If the season prove too dry to plant 

 an orchard, plant vines anyway, this 

 season, and have a vineyard of j'our 

 own. Cuttings should be planted deeper 

 in a dry than a wet soil, but will grow if 

 properly planted. 



A Model Raisin Vineyard- 



Saj's the Stockton Independeni: We re- 

 cently paid a visit to the vineyard of the 

 California Raisin Company, in Placer 

 county, a few miles north of Rocklin. 

 The company started some three years 

 ago among a number of San Francico 

 capitalists, who propose to test to the 

 utmost the capabilities of California 

 for producing raisins, and in order to do 

 everything with all proper thoroughness 

 no money has been or will be spared in 

 perfecting all the conditions for success. 

 The first step was to lease a tract of land 

 in a favorable spot for fourteen years, 

 the owner of the land taking one-fourth 

 of the stock, and, as President of the 

 comjiany, overseeing all the arrange- 

 ments. The spot selected could scarcely 

 have been better. It is a long, narrow 

 valley, with a southwestern exposure, 

 surrounded by high hills that completely 

 shelter it from severe storms or high 

 winds. When the company began work 

 the valley was covered with a heavy 

 growth of oak trees, which required to 

 be cleared away. They first commenced 

 with 225 acres, which they surrounded 

 with a rabbit-proof fence. On the hill- 

 sides above the fence a benne ditch was 

 dug to prevent the storm waters from de- 

 luging the vineyard. The plowing was 

 most thoroughly done. The first break- 

 ing was done with a single plow to the 

 depth of eight or ten inches. It was 

 then cross plowed a little deeper, and 

 followed up with a subsoil plow that 

 stirred the ground 



TO a depth of two feet 

 It was pretty well pulverized by this 

 time, but it was then cultivated and har- 

 rowed. The value of this treatment is 

 manifest in the fact that at the time we 

 visited the vineyard, just before the first 

 rain of the season, when there had been 

 no rain or dew for six months, we could 

 kick up moist earth but a few inches 

 from the sui-face, and the soil was light 

 and fluffy, while in the same soil just 

 outside the vineyard one might dig down 

 to bed-rock without finding any mois- 

 ture. This thorough plowing was given 

 three years ago, and it has never re- 

 quired anything but light cultivation 

 since to maintain the pulverized, loamy 

 condition of the soil. The soil, which 

 is about six feet deep over the rock, is 

 doubtless formed of disintegrated gran- 

 ite, enriched by the growth of the trees 

 upon it. After this thorough prepara- 

 tion of the soil the vineyard was care- 

 fully laid out for a convenient 



KAISIN VINEYAKD, 



By leaving about twenty acres for dry- 

 ing ground in jialehes of about one acre 

 each, taking advantage of every knoll 

 with a sunny exposure. The vines are 

 laid out with the utmost precision, the 

 rows being eight feet apart and as 

 straight as a chalk mark, with roadways 

 of greater width at sluut intervals. The 

 vines seh^cted, which were started from 

 cuttings, are of the variety known as 

 White Muscat of Alexandria, which they 

 consider the best for raisins. Many of 

 the vines bore fruit this year, and next 

 year the company can begin to "dry rai- 

 sins. The preparation of the drying 

 grounds is the next consideration to be 



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