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There names are c'.early synonymous, 

 pigeon being usually applied to the lar- 

 ger and dove to the smaller species of 

 C'Umbae. Th-s fami'y is found 

 thrcusJiout the tropical and temperate 

 parts of the wor'd; the center of abun- 

 da: C3 b3ing New Guinea and the Ma- 

 ]R-y Archipelago, where mo:'e than one 

 third rf ihe known species occur. More 

 than three hundred species have been 

 described, about eighty of these baing 

 fou d in North and South America, or 

 atout the number known from the is« 

 land of New Guinea alone. 



The breeding season of most species 

 is prolracted, several broods being 

 reared annually as is neces ary from 

 the small nunr.bcr of eggs in a clutch, 

 which is often but one though usually 

 two. The nests are frail affairs and 

 a e commonly p'ared in bushes or trees 

 at a n-od:rale he'g .t. Seme species 

 occ-s:onally nest on the ground. The 

 young are reared in the nest. Their 

 growth is rapid. ;.' '::"^ =.;, ■ ;- . 



"Gentle as a dove" is an old siawrttut 

 the fact is that doves and pigeons are 

 irascible and often pugnacious. The 

 food is seeds, fruits and nuts. The 

 flight is rapid, powerful and sustained, 

 and is often accompanied with a whist- 

 ling sound.. The gat is a wak. 



The best known Caiifornian spec"es is 

 the Mourning Dove, sometimes called 

 the Turtle Dove and Carolii.a Dove. 

 This species is found in nearly all parts 

 of the United States, migrating north 

 in summer to the southern parts of 

 British Amer'ca, and south in winter to 

 the West Indies and Central America. 

 Mour.ing Doves are found in greater 



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or less numbers in the valleys of sontH- 

 ern and central California at all times 

 of the year, but leave the cooler parts 

 of the State in winter. Their breeding 

 season is March to September. The 

 nests are sometimes paced on the 

 ground but commonly in trees or sl^^b- 

 bery. As game birds they are shot Ih 

 Quantities in autumn. 



Their common name is derived from 

 the!r cooing notes, which have a 

 mourning sound to mjst human ears, 

 but doubt'ess are really a manifestation 

 of the bird's happiness or p'easure. . ' 



Another well k«own Caiifornian ^^. 

 cies is the Band-tai'ed Pigeon which ik 

 most common in the foothirs and 

 mountains, feeding large'y on acorns 

 and berries. This is our largest pigeon 

 and is much persecuted by gunners un- 

 til it has become very wild and waryl 

 Band tailed Pigeons are irregularly mi- 

 gratory, moving about as the food sup- 

 ply varies and som: times apparently 

 from mere caprice, being occasionaty 

 plentiful in a locality and then scarce 

 for years. They are commonly found 

 in flocks except in the breeding season, 

 these flocks sotogtiigaes nuinberiii^ 

 many hundreds. ' . V . _ ' ,. ' .,- .^ 



Their breeding seastin is long. I have' 

 found their eggs as early as March and 

 as late as August. Their nests are 

 placed on branches in the middle pc, 

 lower part of deciduous or coniferous" 

 trees. Their notes are much hoarser 

 than those of mourning doves. 



T^^o more species ar« found in the 

 extreme southeastern part of the St%te 

 in the Colorado valley; these are: - /, 



Tho White-wi -ggd pove,^|n.t,erni7di-!i 

 aie in size T)elweea the two prepe^i^g-j 

 species, and 



