DISUSE AND ITS EFFECTS. 53 
caudal or coccygeal vertebre. The most constant 
number in the adult is three, but in the embryo germs 
of five vertebrze can be distinguished. This remnant of 
a tail is connected with the sacrum by bands of fibrous 
tissue, the degenerate remnants of the muscles which in 
Fic. 26.—An African child with a pendulous tumour hanging 
from its buttocks ; false tail. (After Virchow.) 
a functional tail raise, depress, or move it from side to 
side. This is not mere speculation, for these ligamen- 
tous bands are not infrequently replaced by muscles 
known as curvator coccygis, extensor coccygis, and 
agitator caude. The scepticism regarding the occur- 
