DISUSE: AND ITS EFFECTS. 57 
_ defects in the spine, the sole of the foot being turned 
upwards and inwards. In some children the middle 
toes may be deficient and cause the foot to assume a 
cloven appearance. 
Recklinghausen has suggested that, as in many cases 
of spina bifida, disease of the bones of the foot occurs 
as a complication, and often induces 
loss of the middle toes, this may 
have stimulated in the imagination 
the notion of a cloven foot. It is 
perhaps not unfair to infer that from 
such sources as these originated the 
corporeal form of our much dreaded 
mystical devil, with hairy body, 
cloven feet, and tail (fig. 28). 
The relation of fauns, zgipans, 
and goats is discussed further in 
chapter iv. in connection with some 
other structural peculiarities they 
share in common with goats. 
Atrophy of parts when disused 
in consequence of injury scarcely 
calls for comment (though very Fae oy Ane been 
many interesting specimens might claw from a Two-tocd 
be described) because the effects “°"™ 
of disuse when thus induced are not inherited. 
As a general rule, the statement that parts when 
disused become reduced in size holds good, but in con- 
nection with dermal organs such as nails, horns, and 
claws, it is well to point out that disuse leads to en- 
largement. In the preceding chapter specimens were 
