VESTIGIAL- STRUCTURES. 83 
occur unassociated with fistulae, and are most common 
in two situations in the 
Meck, at the spots 
marked III and IV in 
fig. 39. Asa rule they 
aresymmetrical ; usually 
they are short, often 
looking like mere pim- 
ples on the side of the 
neck. In some cases 
eiey may attain a 
length of two or three 
centimetres. A very 
large one is  repre- 
Bented as it grew 
Fic. 41.—Child with cervical auricle 
and a supernumerary tragus on 
each side, 
Fic. 40.—A Girl with a cervical ear or 
auricle, 
from the side of a girl’s 
neck, in fig. 40, and in 
a child, fig. 41. These 
fistulae and cervical 
auricles, orf ears, as 
they are called, usually 
affect many members of 
a family; the mother 
may possesscervical auri- 
cles, and one child have 
a cervical fistula, whilst 
a third may have fistula 
and auricles combined. 
The question natu- 
rally suggests itself, if 
"these fistul: and auricles occur in man they should also 
