TRANSMISSION OF MALFORMATIONS. 177 
The various projections and depressions of the human 
pinna have received at the hands of anatomists dis- 
tinguishing names; with these we must make ourselves 
acquainted. In the drawing of the pinna (fig. 93), H 
indicates the helix, and the prominence X is the anti- 
helix ; below the helix we recognize a projection T known 
as the tragus. In elderly persons this is furnished with 
some stiff hairs, sometimes of 
great length; opposite the tragus 
we note another elevation marked 
A in the sketch, this is the anti- 
tragus. The tragus and anti- 
tragus are separated by a deep 
notch, the intertragic fissure. 
The lower boundary of this fissue 
is formed by the lobule L, which 
varies considerably in size in 
different individuals. The signifi- 
cance of the terms helix and 
antihelix is easily understood, 
but the meaning of the term 
am Fic. 93.—The human pinna; 
tragus, from the Greek, signify- 4, helix; X, antihelix ; T, 
ing a goat, is not so evident. ("8\"! ey ae aS ie 
Hyrtl suggests the following ex- 
planation:—In elderly persons the tragus not infre- 
quently has some stiff hairs growing from it, known as 
goat’s hair. The presence of these hairs was formerly 
regarded as indicating a sensual individual. It is pro- 
bable that such ears, when the hair on the tragus was 
abundant, caused them to resemble the sharp-pointed ears 
of the goat-footed satyrs (egipans). In older works 
13 
