TRANSMISSION OF MALFORMATIONS. 189 
in a family, but do not reappear so constantly to become 
as it were, a matter of entail. This may be in part ex- 
plained, perhaps, by the fact that attempts are not made 
to propagate the malformation, as is done in domesti- 
cated animals. 
)} The frequent and familiar malformation known as 
, hare-lip and cleft palate is not by any means confined to 
@the human species, but occurs in horses, calves, sheep, 
dogs, and even lions. In the human subject it has been 
FIG. 100.—The nose and lip of a Fic. 1or.—The nose of a 
Hare, showing the cleft. Dog, showing the median 
furrow. 
known to affect several members of the same family, and 
to occur in the offspring of the affected members. The 
defect takes the name hare-lip because the hare, in 
common with a few other mammals, exhibits a median 
cleft in its upper lip. This cleft in the hare is an exagge- 
ration of the furrow which is present on the upper lip of 
many mammals, and extends on to the nose (figs. 100 and 
101). In children affected with hare-lip the cleft is rarely 
situated in the middle line, but to one or other side ; 
