262 EVOLUTION AND DISEASE: 
to this matter, a large number of cretins has been 
detected in England, and many have been critically 
observed, and detailed accounts of their anatomy placed 
on record, which remove any doubts as to the identity 
of the English sporadic with the Alpine endemic cretin. 
It is also significant that since careful accounts of the 
leading features of the disease have been circulated, 
cretins have been recognized in many parts of England, 
and instead of being limited to the small village of 
Chiselborough, in Somersetshire, it turns out to be a 
far from infrequent condition in many large towns, 
SONS Te 
Fic, 128.—A Calf-cretin. Length of trunk, thirty centimetres. 
Length of limbs, five centimetres. 
including London. Cretinism is not confined to the 
human species. In 1877 H. Miiller described a cre- 
tinous calf, and subsequently Eberth was able, in a 
monograph on this subject, to refer to cases which had 
been reported in. the human subject under different 
names. Thus far cretinism has been recorded several 
times in the calf, in sheep, and dogs, and the careful 
accounts of the anatomy of the specimens leave no 
room for doubt as to its identity with the cretinism of 
man. Animal cretins occur not only in regions where 
the disease is endemic in man, but also in England, 
