THE PRODUCTION OF DOMESTIC RACES. 21 



in a region furnishing the same environment as the original home 

 from which it has been transported, some peculiar habit of feeding, 

 acquired in the original home, may become the transmitted habit 

 determining the life of the new colony, and so determine the forms of 

 selection to which the new group is subjected. This form of selection 

 I call active or endonomic selection. Again, there is reason to believe 

 that the different forms of reflexive selection, of which sexual selection 

 is the most familiar example, may gradually change in an isolated 

 portion of a species without depending on change in the environment. 

 In these and other ways I have shown that many groups of organisms 

 are undergoing transformations that can not be attributed to changes 

 in the environment. The subject has been presented in several 

 forms in the paper referred to above, reproduced in Appendix II. As 

 a further illustration of my idea, I would say that I think there is no 

 reason to claim that our arboreal ancestors were forced to forsake the 

 traditions of their fathers, through the failure of the forest to grow, or 

 through any other change in the environment. It is more natural to 

 suppose that the great prosperity of our forebears in the forest regions 

 increased their numbers till it became desirable that some new sphere 

 of activity should be discovered. The rich rewards that came to the 

 more enterprising ones, who searched the open country by day and 

 hid in the caves at night, was probably the beginning of the change 

 that has led to the separate methods of use for our fore limbs and our 

 hind limbs. The great advantage of standing erect and taking a 

 broad look over the fields of deep grass started selection toward 

 human feet. This view of the course of evolution reveals the influ- 

 ence of habit in controlling selection, and so finally in controlling 

 inheritance. The frequent control of the form of survival by the 

 activities in the organism, and not by change of activities in the en- 

 vironment, was emphasized in my papers published by the Linnaean 

 Society; and more recently the importance of individual adjustment 

 to sudden change, through the securing of time for "coincident 

 variation," has been pointed out by Lloyd Morgan* and others. 

 As the processes mentioned under these six heads, when brought 

 about in domestication, produce, in the first case, either continuance 

 or extermination of the race; in the second, simple transformation; 

 in the third, divergence; in the fourth, increased stability; in the 

 fifth, increased variation with blending of types; and in the sixth, 

 transformation in the organism that does not depend on change in 

 the environment, we have reason to expect that when produced by 



*See " Habit and Instinct," 1896, pp. 312ft. 



