66 LIMICOL^E: Shore-Birds 



LIMICOL^E (" mud-dwellers"): A large group, widely dis- 

 tributed, many species cosmopolitan in range. Body rounded, 

 usually long; bill various; legs and neck moderately to very 

 long. As the name implies, generally adapted to secure food 

 from the mud or sand, though some are water- and some dry- 

 land-dwellers. 



RED PHALAROPE 



(222. Phalaropus fulicarius) 8| in. 



Female: Back and hind-neck black, with buffy edges narrow- 

 ing toward tail; top of head black from bill to nape; sides of head 

 white; entire under parts cinnamon-brown. 



Male: Lighter and duller throughout, streaking of back ex- 

 tending to forehead. 



Winter, both sexes : Back bluish gray; blackish about eye and 

 on nape; wings dusky, gray-edged; plumage otherwise white. In 

 this plumage is called Gray Phalarope. 



NORTHERN PHALAROPE 



(223. Lobipes lobatus) 8 in. 



Female: Back, hind-neck, and head plumbeous, the back with 

 strong rusty streaks ; sides and front of neck bright rufous; throat 

 and remaining under parts snow-white. 



Male: Similar, but duller and lighter, with color-areas less 

 sharply defined and more or less white-mixed. 



Winter, both sexes: Ashy above, white-edged; all under parts 

 white. A dusky patch behind eye and a strong white line above 

 are good field-marks. 



WILSON PHALAROPE 



(224. Steganopus tricolor) 9 in. 



Female: Back gray, with broad chestnut stripes; crown and 

 nape ashy; a strong black stripe extends back /row eye and down 

 neck changing to rich chestnut on lower neck and back; under 

 parts white, rusty- washed. 



Male: Much duller; no black on head: no chestnut stripe on 

 back. 



Winter, both sexes: Ashy above, white below. 



Bill long, needle-like. A fresh-water species. 



