MARINE POLYZOA. 69 



9. LEPRALIA VIOLACEA. PL LXXXVII. figs. 1, 2. PI. CX. 

 fig. 1 (var. cruentd). 



Cells ovate or pyriform, surface uneven ; mouth suborbicular ; 

 an avicularium immediately below the middle of the lower lip, 

 with an acute mandible pointing upwards, and in the centre of 

 the front of the cell a perforation ? or depression. 



Lepralia violacea, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. ed. 2. p. 325. t. 57. 



fig. 9. 



Escharella violacea, Gray, List Brit. Rad. p. 125. 

 Hab. Isle of Man, E. Forbes. Cornwall, C. W. Peach. Bay of 



Gibraltar, M* Andrew, Dr. Landsborough. Orkney?, Dr. 



Greville. 



Colour blue or purple, sometimes very deep : like many other 

 Lepralia it is liable to be much overgrown or thickened, but in 

 any state it may be recognized by the depressions left by, or the 

 vestiges of the suboral avicularium and the central hollow. Spe- 

 cimens in this condition I have received from Dr. Greville, col- 

 lected in the Orkneys, remarkable for the great thickening of the 

 cell-wall and their deep purple or rather crimson colour. 



. Avicularia either double, or if single, on one side of the cell ; 

 on every cell, or irregularly distributed on the polyzoary. 



10. LEPRALIA SPINIFERA. PL LXXVI. figs. 2, 3. PL LXXX. 

 figs. 4, 5, 6, 7. PL LXXXI. figs. 6, 7. PL XCI. figs. 1, 2. 



Cells ovate, ventricose, surface punctate or granular; usually 

 a central umbo in front, upon which is occasionally articulated a 

 long spine ; often a raised avicularium on each side at the top of 

 the cell close to the mouth ; mouth with a narrow sinus in the lower 

 lip, and three to eight marginal spines (often wanting). Ovicell 

 globose, with grooves radiating from the centre. 



?Eschara spongites, Moll, Seerinde, p. 37. pi. 1. fig. 3. 

 Lepralia ciliata, Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 171, & 



vii. 367. pi. 9. fig. 2. 

 Lepralia spinifera, Johnst. Hist. Brit. Zooph. i. 324. pi. 57. fig. 6 ; 



Gray, List Brit. Rad. p. 122. 



Lepralia unicornis, Johnst. (op. cit. p. 320. pi. 57- fig. 1.) 

 Berenicea coccinea, Johnst. Trans. Newc. Soc. ii. 267. pi. 12. 



fig. 5. 

 Lepralia coccinea, Johnst. Brit. Zooph. 278. pi. 34. figs. 1-3; 



Hassall, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vii. 367 ; Couch, Corn. Faun. 



iii. 115 ; W. Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. v. 253. 



