INTELLIGENCE. n 



mane previous to a race made some of the old ones so 

 excited, that they would refuse to eat after their mane 

 had been arranged in strands. They evidently connected 

 the idea of racing with this portion of their toilet. We 

 shah 1 see further on how to induce the horse to make the 

 required mental connection, and even to teach him, for 

 our own ends, how to draw wrong conclusions as to cause 

 and effect. 



I have been unable to trace any indication of reasoning 

 power in the horse, whose highest displays of intelligence 

 seem (to me, at least) to be the outcome of tentative or 

 accidental experience. He, like many human beings, 

 appears to lack the ability of acquiring new knowledge by 

 drawing conclusions from that which he already possesses. 

 If I am correct in this statement, association of ideas is, 

 therefore, the only means by which we are able to teach 

 him. Respecting the brain power of apes, Frank Buckland 

 says : "No monkey of any species, where the experiment 

 has been tried, would even put a stick or coal on to an 

 expiring fire ; he would sit down and shiver by the fire till 

 it goes out. His mind is not sufficiently acute to see the 

 connection between cause and effect, so as to put coal on 

 to keep the fire going." Cuvier, however, tells us of an 

 ourang-outang which, when at meals, if it was unable to 

 fill its spoon, would pass it on to the person next to it, in 

 order to get it filled. This clever ape, seeing, on one 

 occasion, that the glass which it had placed on the table 

 was on the point of toppling over, put out its hand and 

 prevented it from falling. I have noticed and admired 

 the intelligence with which dogs in charge of children 

 have sometimes prevented the little ones from going too 

 near the edge of a precipice, or the brink of deep water. 

 Newfoundland and other water dogs will often recognise 

 the fact of persons drowning, and will go to their assistance ; 



