UNIFORMITY OF CONDUCT. 23 



one by which we can obtain mastery over the horse, who, 

 when he finds himself defeated, will generally " give in " 

 completely. Here, his small amount of intelligence will not 

 enable him to reflect that, although we have mastered him 

 on one point, he may be able to turn the tables on us under 

 different circumstances. The process of rendering a fero- 

 cious dog or savage tiger helpless for the time being, as 

 we might do to the horse by Rareyfying him, or by other 

 horse-taming methods, would not prevent either the dog or 

 the tiger from flying at us the moment he was free from 

 his trammels. 



Courage or pluck in the horse. A man, in the facing 

 of danger, may, by a purely intellectual effort, overcome 

 his instinct of self-preservation. Here we have the resultant 

 of two opposing forces. Thus, brave men have often, 

 even from motives of abstract right, faced certain death, 

 the terrors of which they have keenly felt the whole time. 

 Others have been equally self-sacrificing under the purely 

 instinctive influences of anger, jealousy, emulation, or love 

 of admiration. Although there are no words to exactly 

 express these two kinds of feelings, we may, for con- 

 venience sake, apply valour or bravery to the former ; 

 courage or pluck, to the latter. This, I need hardly ex- 

 plain, is an arbitrary use of words on my part ; yet the 

 distinction is worthy of consideration. The facing of 

 danger in the horse, as far as I have been able to observe, 

 is entirely the result of instinct, of habit, or of a com- 

 bination of the two ; and has consequently no intellectual 

 element. The term " courage," as used by horsemen, 

 signifies that feeling (whether simple or compound), under 

 the influence of which the horse will strain every effort 

 to obey the orders of his rider or driver. In its trans- 

 mission, the effect of heredity is often well marked. This 

 most valuable quality can be easily lost by mismanagement. 



