TREACHERY AND STUBBORNNESS. 51 



our gaining our point, by the application of whip or spurs, 

 with some sulky horses, only proves that these particular 

 animals had not the necessary amount of resolution to 

 resist the coercion applied to them. There are, however, 

 many other horses upon which the only effect of such 

 punishment would be to still further increase the rebellious 

 state of their minds. Man-eaters, like the historic Cruiser, 

 the taming of whom made Rarey famous, being actuated 

 almost entirely by instinctive hostility, yield far more 

 readily to man's authority than the sulky animal, who, 

 having found out a method by which he can thwart the 

 wishes of his would-be master, craftily adheres to it, and 

 thereby lays claim to the possession of a large amount of 

 intelligence. From this we may see that the assertion made 

 by many " horse-tamers," that they can cure any form of 

 equine vice, is absurd. Youatt tells us that Cruiser 

 was never actually " tamed," but had to be " Rareyfied " 

 by a specially-trained breaker whenever he was required 

 for use, a process which would be far too tedious and expen- 

 sive for the ordinary horse-owner. 



Of all kinds of vice, treachery and stubbornness are the 

 most difficult to eradicate ; for the horse who sets his will 

 in deliberate opposition to ours, questions the validity 

 of our erroneous assumption of physical supremacy, the 

 acceptance of which is our strongest means of horse control. 

 Or we may say that such an animal fights us with the 

 weapons those of intelligence by which, alone, we can 

 bring into subjection our physical superiors. Vices due to 

 nervousness or impatience of control can be readily over- 

 come, and as a rule, " refusing " and jibbing in the saddle. 

 A jibber in draught, however, is apt to find out, although 

 the breaker may be all-powerful in the absence of the cart, 

 the advantage is all the other way as soon as the horse gets 

 between the shafts. Besides, it is impossible in many cases 



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