174 



BREAKING ON FOOT. 



half feet long, and made to lengthen or shorten as might 

 be required) hanging from the crupper. They are useful 

 for preventing the reins getting entangled in the horse's 

 legs. The fact of my having discarded them as an article 

 of breaking gear, is no doubt due more to laziness on my 

 part, than to the possession of such skill that would make 

 me independent of their aid. 



If circular webbing cannot be obtained for the reins, 

 ordinary driving reins or ropes of suitable length will do. 



A standing martingale 



can be improvised from 

 a running martingale, or 

 with a piece of cord. 



When a driving-pad 

 or an efficient substitute 

 for it cannot be obtained, 

 we may use instead of it 

 an ordinary saddle, the 

 stirrups of which, with 

 their leathers well 

 lengthened out, will serve 

 as rein-bearers (see Fig. 

 86). Although the cantle 

 of the saddle (see Fig. 87) 

 Fig. 82. Front view of driving-pad. may at times succeed in 



preventing the outward 



rein from going over the back ; the breaker cannot as he 

 is able to do with my pad when using a saddle for a 

 substitute, circle the horse, as is often necessary, with the 

 outward rein on a level with the withers. 



NOTE. When the stirrups are used as rein-bearers, we 

 should let them out so as not to interfere with the direct 

 pull on the bit with the inside rein, as without a direct 



