REMOVING HEADSTALL. 



191 



instead of coming straight from the ring of the snaffle to 

 his hand, from standing in the centre of the circle on which 

 he drives the horse, and is consequently obliged to more 

 or less follow the animal, and by doing so (see page 185) 

 is apt to bear unduly on the reins, and make the horse's 

 mouth " dead." The absence of a driving pad deprives 

 the breaker of the great advantage of being able to raise or 

 lower the outward rein at will. In breaking for harness, 



Fig. 94. Driving horse with running reins through stirrup-irons. 



and especially for fast trotting on level ground, the neces- 

 sity for teaching horses to bend the neck, to get the hind- 

 quarters under them, to moderate the speed in response to 

 a puU on the reins, is not nearly so imperative as in edu- 

 cating the hunter, chaser, and charger, which should always 

 have a " spare leg " for any emergency. The method of 

 long-rein mouthing is as applicable to " spoiled " horses as 

 it is to entirely unhandled animals. To my thinking, one 

 great beauty of it apart from its immense advantage of 

 never giving the pupil the chance of getting the upper 



