CRUPPER LEADING-REIN. 



197 



horse on the breast with the end of a cutting whip or 

 switch, until he " comes up," when he should be imme- 

 diately rewarded by the cessation of the punishment, 

 by being patted on the neck, and by being spoken to 

 in a caressing manner. As a rule, the horse will at first 

 try to avoid the blows by running back, or by swerving 

 to one side or to the other ; but failing to escape from 



Fig. 97. Knot in crupper leading-rein. 



the inflicted pain, he will almost invariably go forward. 

 This desired effect is obtained usually in not longer than 

 ten minutes. Three or four lessons will generally be suf- 

 ficient to make the horse come up to one the moment the 

 whip is pointed towards his breast. 



Learning to obey this signal, and that of standing still 

 as a statue on hearing the word " steady," are two very 

 desirable accomplishments in the horse. 



