STYLE OF JUMPING. 237 



drain 2 feet broad at first, and gradually widening out to 

 4 feet. 



3. A 2j foot hedge, with on the landing side a drain, 

 say, 3 feet broad, increased up to 10 feet. 



4. A heavy log " served " with hay-bands to prevent the 

 animal seriously injuring his legs. It may be gradually 

 raised up to 3 feet 9 inches. I like to place another log a 

 little in front of it, so as to show the horse where to take 

 off, and to prevent him from getting too close. 



Before any jumping is attempted, the horse should be 

 made thoroughly obedient to the aids. Beginning with the 

 long reins, we may circle and turn him on foot, with the 

 outward rein round his quarters, at a smart trot or well- 

 collected canter. We may put up any suitable small fence, 

 say, a rounded, heavy log of wood served with hay bands, 

 or a hurdle, neither of which need be more than 2 feet high. 

 If our pupil is reluctant in facing the obstacle, we may 

 work him up to it with the reins, keeping him straight by 

 the pressure of the outward rein against his quarter, as 

 he turns from one side to the other, and stimulating him 

 with the voice and sound of the whip. If he persists in 

 refusing, we may put on the crupper leading-rein (see 

 page 196), and after running him about, and pulling him 

 from side to side by it a few times, in order to make him 

 understand its use, we may try to lead him over by it. Or, 

 having handed it to an assistant to go on in front, we may 

 give him another trial with the long reins. In this, as 

 in all other breaking operations with the horse, we should 

 exercise great patience, and should renew our efforts again 

 and again if we do not at first succeed. If the animal 

 " shows fight," I would advise that the whip should be 

 put aside altogether ; for, according to my experience, 

 the moment its cut, or even crack, fails to prompt him 

 to go on, it will incite him to offer increased resistance. 



