278 SCHOOL BREAKING. 



made, the aids are reversed, and the horse is brought back 

 to the side of the school which he has just left, by a passage, 

 the direction of which will be at right angles to that of the 

 first one. Practice of this air at the walk, trot, and finally 

 at the canter, is a valuable preliminary to instruction in 

 change of leg at the canter. 



CIRCLING AT THE PASSAGE. 



This can be done either with the head or with the tail 

 turned towards the centre of the circle, the diameter of 

 which will usually be half the length of either of the short 

 sides of the school, say, ten yards. This circle, when the 

 head is turned towards the centre, is in reality a turn on the 

 forehand (a pirouette renvers/e) on a movable pivot ; when 

 the tail is turned in that direction, it is a turn on the hind- 

 quarters (a pirouette) on a movable pivot. Instruction in 

 these circles is essential to the education of the cavalry 

 horse. 



THE HALT. 



The remarks made on page 230, et seq., respecting the 

 halt, apply equally well to arrest of movement when made 

 under school conditions. The moment for the halt from 

 the canter appears to me to be that at which the non-leading 

 fore leg comes to the ground (see Fig. 4) ; for then the shock, 

 due to the sudden stoppage, will be fully borne by both hind 

 legs, and by one fore one. The weight-bearing function of 

 the non-leading fore leg will have practically ceased at the 

 moment when the leading fore leg is brought down (see Fig. 

 120). 



CHANGE FROM ONE PACE TO ANOTHER. 



To change from the canter to the trot, we may, as the leading 

 fore leg comes down (see Fig. 120), apply strongly the drawn- 



