CHAPTER XL 

 FAULTS OF MOUTH. 



Boring Pulling and running away Throwing up the head and star-gazing 

 Jibbing Rearing Shying Running out to one side and difficult to turn 

 "Keeping behind the bit," prancing, and " breaking " when wanted to walk 

 or trot Teaching pacers (amblers) to trot Carrying the hind-quarters, in 

 the canter or gallop, outside the line of progression, and refusing to lead 

 except with one particular foreleg " Putting too much weight on the fore- 

 hand " when mounted Plunging forward when starting in harness Pulling 

 away from and hanging against the pole when in double harness. 



THE classification of vices and faults adopted in this and 

 the following chapter is necessarily somewhat arbitrary, 

 as their causes are more often complex than simple. The 

 arrangement adopted in both of these chapters has been 

 made solely for the sake of convenience. The fact that 

 all equine vices do not possess generally accepted names 

 has obliged me, in some cases, to sacrifice elegance of ex- 

 pression to clearness of meaning. 



BORING. 



When the horse has got into the habit of carrying his 

 head too low, we may get it into the correct position by 

 circling and turning him with the long reins on foot (see 

 page 1 68), while keeping the outward rein on the driving 

 pad, or while using a bearing-rein (see page 169). We 

 may then mount him, and by the action of the legs and 

 hands make him go collectedly (see page 219), so that 



