DIFFICULT TO TURN. 317 



should have a few sharp lessons in circling, turning, and 

 reining-back with the long reins, by which means his 

 " nonsense " and nervousness will not alone be taken out 

 of him ; but he will also be made amenable to the reins. 

 Besides this, we may teach him the turn on the fore hand 

 on foot (see page 193), and when mounted (see page 212). 

 If the horse is very nervous or very unruly, we may give 

 him a course of head and tail work (see page 155). Unless 

 the shying is combined with jibbing or determined rearing, 

 the severe discipline of making a horse he down and 

 keeping him on the ground (see page 149) will- not be re- 

 quired. For shying off the ball at polo, off the peg at 

 tent-pegging, and other forms of this vice, see following 

 paragraph. 



RUNNING OUT TO ONE SIDE, AND DIFFICULT TO TURN. 



Here, as in shying (see preceding paragraph), our great 

 means of reformation will be work with the long reins, and 

 practice at the turn on the forehand. After having given 

 our pupil one or more effective lessons in the manege or on 

 the breaking ground, we may test his steadiness as follows. 

 Supposing that he runs out to the left when coming up to a 

 fence or on some particular part of a race-course, we should, 

 when mounted, take a rein in each hand and hold the 

 cutting-whip or ash plant in the right hand (see Fig. 106), 

 ready, the moment he attempts running out to the left, to 

 pull his head round to the right, and to bring at the same 

 moment his hind-quarters round to the left by the applica- 

 tion of the whip or stick, so as to place him again in the 

 direction from which he tried to deviate. As the turn can 

 be made far easier on the forehand than on the hind- 

 quarters (see page 271), it follows that the whip, or its 

 substitute, should be applied to the latter in preference to 



