340 FAULTS OF TEMPER. 



gentling those parts when the animal was tied head and 

 tail (see page 155). I have met some cases in which the 

 kicking was caused by pain, due to pressure on melanotic 

 tumours that were on the under surface of the dock. 



LYING DOWN IN HARNESS. 



We should make the animal obey the indications of the 

 reins, by driving him on foot with the long reins ; at first 

 by himself, and finally in a trap. If he lies down, a sharp 

 slap on his muzzle will generally make him jump up. The 

 most effective means for curing this vice is making the 

 horse lie down and holding him on the ground with his 

 head pulled round (see page 149) until he gives in. 



HANGING BACK IN THE STALL. 



To prevent, if not to cure, the vice of hanging back 

 against the chain or rope which connects the horse's head- 

 stall to the manger, we may substitute for the head-stall 

 a rope halter (see Fig. 19), which will hurt the horse (see 

 page 196) if he pulls against it, but will relieve his jaws of 

 painful pressure the moment he comes forward ; or we may 

 attach the horse to the manger by the crupper leading rein 

 (see page 196). 



In any case the rope should not be so short as to prevent 

 him from lying down in comfort. I have, been told that 

 a good way to cure this trick is to shorten the chain by 

 tying together, with a piece of thin twine, two of its links 

 which are some distance apart, so that when the animal 

 pulls on the chain he will break the twine, and will then 

 cease to pull, because he will then .believe that he has 

 broken the chain. For a horse with this habit, a broad 

 band may be placed across the entrance to the stall, so as 

 to allow him to rest against it if he likes. 



