CONTROL OF HEREDITY: EUGENICS 37? 



(b) The best individuals grown in poor 

 environment. 



(c) Any individual of good pedigree, irre- 

 spective of the conditions of its environment. 

 The fact that the good qualities of a race may 

 be maintained by this last method as well as 

 by either of the others shows how little good 

 or bad environment has to do with hereditary 

 or racial characters. 



2. How has selection acted? 



(a) Until very recently it was generally 

 believed that continued selection of individuals 

 which showed desirable characters gradually 

 led to the improvement of those characters and 

 thus to the production of new races; it was 

 supposed that the character in question was 

 "built up" by continued selection in one direc- 

 tion, and that the average development of the 

 character in all the offspring was thus in- 

 creased in successive generations. It was this 

 view as to the supposed action of artificial se- 

 lection which formed the basis of Darwin's 

 theory of natural selection. 



(b) The brilliant researches of deVries, 

 Johannsen, Jennings, Tower and several oth- 



