460 HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT 



are partly free and partly bound; the alterna- 

 tives are not merely, freedom or determinism, 

 but rather freedom and determinism. 



1. Determinism not Fatalism. Whatever 

 the philosophical meaning of "determinism" 

 may be, all that is meant by that term in science 

 and in actual life is that every effect is the re- 

 sultant of antecedent causes and that identical 

 causes yield identical results. Determinism 

 does not mean predeterminism : the one finds 

 every effect to be due to a long chain of pre- 

 ceding causes, the other attributes every effect 

 to a single original cause; the one is scientific 

 naturalism, the other is fatalism. 



Applying .this to personality actual experi- 

 ence teaches that constant conditions of he- 

 redity and environment give constant results 

 in development and that different conditions 

 give different results. Undoubtedly the entire 

 personality, body and mind, undergoes de- 

 velopment, and modifications of either heredity 

 or environment modify personality. This is 

 scientific determinism, but it is not fatalism 

 and it is not incompatible with a certain 

 amount of freedom and responsibility. 



