152 



CANADIAN FARM YEAR BOOK. 



the perfect development of thes« 

 teeth must be taken as evidence that 

 the yearling stage has been passed by 

 a month or two. The middle perma- 

 nent incisors will usually appear 

 when the animal is from one year 

 and nine months to two years of age. 

 Some latitude must be allowed, say a 

 couple of months either way, as the 

 rate of development, as affected by 

 feeding and care, will affect the time 

 at which the permanent teeth will 

 appear. The lateral pair will usually 



appear when the animal is two years 

 of age. The average is two yeare and 

 three months, with an extreme of two 

 years and one-half. The corner in- 

 cisors are usually replaced by perma- 

 nent8_ by the time the animal has 

 reached the age of three years. When 

 the sheep is four years of age aU the 

 incisors are up and in wear. The 

 animal has by this time a "full 

 mouth," and estimations as to its age 

 after this period is reached are, of 

 necessity, speculative. 



Right hand shoe built to prevent inter- 

 fering. Inner branch has no nails, and 

 is fitted and beveled under the hoof. 



Common form of punched heel weight 

 shoe to induce high action in front 

 feet. The profile here shows a roll at 

 toe and raised heels. As this lowers 

 action the shoe would be better if of 

 uniform thickness and no roll. 



Ground surface of shoe to left. Inner 

 nailer's branch is same in depth as 

 the outer and caulked branch to bal- 

 ance foot squarely on the'ground. 



Right fore ice shoe for roadster. Toe 

 and outer heel caulks cut at right an- 

 gles, and the inner caulk is slender 

 and blunt. Back surface of toe shoe 

 should be perpendicular. 



