210 



CANADIAN FARM YEAR BOOK. 



dency to fall; consequently, a circula- 

 tion occurs and is maintained as loag 

 as the temperature within the boiler 

 is a few degrees higher than that of 

 the house. 



Almost any boiler that can be used 

 for steam heating is suitable for hot- 

 water heating, there Taeing but a 

 slight difference in the interior design 

 to improve the circulation. In an 

 efficient heater the water is separated 

 into small portions so that it may heat 

 quickly, and as little resistance as 

 possible is offered to free circulation. 

 Efficiency in point of fuel consumption 

 is an importanL feature, as is facility 

 and convenience in cleaning fire sur- 

 faces; for a thin coating of soot will 

 materially decrease the efficiency. 



Piping systems for hot water are 

 quite similar tc those for steam heat- 

 ing, and, as in steam heating, there 

 are three systems in vogue.: 



(1) The overheaa system, exactly 

 similar to the Mills system with the 

 exception that two connections are al- 

 'ways made to the radiator, one for the 

 inlet and the other for the outlet ol 

 the water. 



(2) The two-pipe system, the one 

 most commonly used, has separate 

 mains and returns. 



(3) The one-pipe system has a 

 single pipe running around the base- 

 ment as in the corresponding steam 

 system, except that the main hot- 

 water pipe rises from the boiler; the 

 flow pipes are taken from the top of 

 the main, and ^he water after passing 

 through the radiators is returned by 

 a separate pipe which is connected 

 with the bottom of the main. 



Hot-water apparatus should be kept 

 full of water during the summer 

 months, and only enough supplied 

 during winter jto keep it at a safe 

 level. This excludes the air and pre- 

 vents oxidation, or corrosion of the 

 pipes, besides reducing to a minimum 

 the incrustation, which might become 

 serious if allowed to accumulate from 

 several fillings. 



OHot-water heating plants are highly 

 satisfactory when properly designed 

 and installed. Hot-water radiators do 

 not reduce the humidity to so great an 

 extent. The heat can be kept quite 

 uniform, the system being easily con- 

 trolled, and any radiators can be sihut 

 off without resulting in the snapping 

 or gurgling noises common with 



steam. The first cost is somewhat 

 higher than of a steam Installation, 

 because of the greater radiating sur- 

 face, larger piping, and more expen- 

 sive fittings. Unless care is taken 

 when the house is vacant, the water 

 in the system is likely to freeze and 

 seriously damage the plant. On the 

 i^Jiole, however, it would appear that 

 for average residences hot-water heat- 

 ing is the most satisfactory. 



MODERN BEDDING FOR THEFARM 



The steel bed is to ibe preferred 

 to the wood bed, particularly from the 

 sanitary standpoint. The hard, 

 bright enamel surface is cleaner and 

 can be kept cleaner than wood. It, 

 also, possesses, greater convenience, 

 being easier for the housewife to 

 move about, or take apart and set up 

 during times of house-cleaning. 



There are two kinds of steel Ibeds 

 according to construction: 



(1) "Cast" beds — ^These are beds 

 which have in their construction cast 

 iron "chills." The "chills" are the 

 rosettes or fancy floral parts of the 

 design of the bed. Cast beds fre- 

 quently contain in the make up scrolls 

 and bends of various kinds, and us- 

 ually have brass trimmings of some 

 kind, such as caps, knobs or spindles. 



(2) "^Chill-less" beds. These are 

 ibeds which in their design have no 

 cast iron chills. Usually such Ibeds 

 are plain and straight in style, hav- 

 ing no scrolls or fancy bends. In 

 chilHess beds the rods and tubing are 

 inserted and fastened into one' another 

 and much of the work on them is done 

 by hand. 



'Chill-lesis steel beds can now be pur- 

 chased at very reasonable prices and 

 seem to be particularly suited for the 

 farm home. Steel beds do not need 

 much care, but sometimes they are 

 marked, and the enamel chipped, by 

 what is merely carelessness. While 

 they will stand hard knocks, probably 

 (better than any other kind of beds, 

 still to keep them looking in good con- 

 dition care should 'he taken not to 

 knock chairs, the sweeper, or other 

 things against them. For the guest 

 room, or the better room a brass bed 

 may be bought, and here a few words 

 may be said about the care of ibrass 

 beds. (1) Never use brass polish, 

 soap and water, or anything of that 

 kind on a brass bed. That spoils your 



