ILLUSTRATIONS. XV. 



Figv/res 1 and 2, showing the manner of cleft grafting ; figure 1 page 

 being the scion prepared for insertion in the stock, figure 2 the 

 stock with the scions inserted 6 



Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, showing the method of whip grafting ; 

 figure 3 showing the bevelled surfaces of stock and scion, 

 figure 4 the same tongued, figure 5 the graft and stock put 

 together, figure 6 as tied together with a ligature, figure 7 as 

 covered with grafting wax, and figure 8 as wound with a strip 

 of waxed cotton 9, 10 



Figure 9, a branch or scion prepared for budding 14 



^^rwre 10, the best form of budding knife 14 



Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 show the manner in which the operation 

 of budding is performed ; figure 11 is the bud when cut from 

 the scion, figure 12 the stock with the bark loosened and pre- 

 pared to receive the bud, figure 13 the bud inserted in the 

 stock, and figure 14 the bud and stock bound with its liga- 

 ture 14, 15, 16 



Figure 15 represents the bud tied to a portion of the stock, in order 

 to keep it upright during the first weeks of its growth. The 

 broken white fine across the stock shows where the stock is to 

 be cut off when the bud has grown sufficiently stout to stand 



erect without support 17 



Figure 16 shows the place at which a branch should be cut when 



taken from the tree 20 



Figures 17, 18, and 19 show where a small branch should be pruned; 

 figure 17 representing it as cut too far from the bud, figure 18 

 as cut too close to the bud, and figure 19 when cut at the proper 

 place 20 



Figures 20, 21, and 22 represent the proper and improper appear- 

 ance of the roots of transplanted trees 27 



Figure 23 represents tent caterpillars, with their tent, the eggs 

 from which they are hatched, and the cocoon into which they 

 pass 35 



Figures 24, 25, and 26 are the male and female moths of the tent 



caterpillar, and the chrysalis from which they are hatched 37 



Figure 27 is a cut of the forest tent caterpillar 38 



Figure 28 represents the two-lined apple tree borer, and the worm 



from which it is produced 38 



Figure 29- is the worm and beetle of the buprestis apple tree borer... 41 



Figure 30 represents a piece of an apple that has been eaten by the 

 codlin worm ; the worm is crawling on the outside, and the 

 moth is shoAvn near the apple with the ^vings expanded, and on 

 the apple with the wings folded. The cocoon is seen attached 

 to a small piece of bark 42 



Figure 32 shows the plum curculio in the beetle, worm and pupa 

 state, magnified ; and of the natural size, in the act of deposit- 

 ing its egg upon a cherry 47 



Figure 33 represents the grape vine flea beetle and the larva, both 



magnified, and the yoimg larvae feeding on a leaf of the vine... 49 



