172 THE RASPBERRT. 



plant with a spade, and those that take root at the tips of tne 

 new canes, may be removed by cutting the rooted tips off from 

 the parent cane, and lifting ^7iem from the soil. These may be then 

 planted out where they are intended to remain, and covered with 

 coarse manure to the depth of five or six inches. Treated in this 

 way they will make stronger plants during the next season, than 

 when set out in the spring. If the transplanting is done in the 

 spring, the plants should be mulched to the same depth, as a 

 protection to the roots against the heat of summer. 



The Easpberry produces the best and finest fruit in a deep, 

 moist, and very rich soil, and whenever these conditions can be 

 secured, no difficulty will be experienced on account of the char- 

 acter of the soil. But it will be at once seen that such require- 

 ments can not be met in land that is badly drained, or where a 

 hard, unbroken subsoil is allowed to lie near to the surface. 

 There are places where the ground is naturally underdrained, the 

 soil of good depth and great fertility, but these are highly favored 

 spots, and most cultivators will find it necessary to prepare the 

 ground by deep ploughing, the application of manures, and perhaps 

 by underdraining. If water stands in the soil at a depth of 

 eighteen to twenty inches from the surface, it must first be re- 

 moved by underdrains, for nothing is more injurious to the 

 Easpberry than stagnant water at the root. This may seem 

 strange to some, after having already said that it delights in a 

 moist soU, but plants make a great difference between moist and 

 wet. A thoroughly underdrained clayey loam is the very best 

 soil naturally for the most economical cultivation of this fruit. 

 The plough should be run as deep as possible, and if the plough 

 can be followed by the subsoiler, right behind it in the bottom of 

 the furrow, so much the better. 



The plants should be set in rows six feet apart, and two feet 

 apart in the row. Six feet may seem to be a great distance be- 

 tween the rows, but if the plants have proper cidture it wiU soon 

 be found not to be too much for convenient use of the cultivator. 

 In a small garden, where the horse and cultivator cannot be used, 



