ENGTSIOMATIDiE. 147 



attached by two coudyles, except in the geuus Brevicejps, where it is 

 confluent with the sacrum. 



Xoue of the genera have a fronto-parictal fontanellc. 



The distal phalanges may be simple or T-shaped. 



This family includes terrestrial, aquatic, and burrowing types, but 

 no arboreal — Ccdlula, Brachymerus, and others, generally regarded 

 as " tree-frogs," being merely aquatic or terrestrial, in spite of their 

 digital dilatations. 



For the purpose of burrowing, cither the hind pair of limbs 

 {Hypopachus, Glyphoglossus, Cacopus, Brevkeps, &c.), or the front 

 pair (Hemisus), are particularly strengthened and provided with 

 corneous sheaths. 



In the last-named genera the mouth is very narrow, and those 

 Frogs may be considered " ant-eaters," similarly as the Bufonid 

 genus Bliinoplirynus. 



In more than half of the genera the pupil is erect. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 

 I. Precoracoids present ; coracoids moderate, horizontal. 



Pupil horizontal ; tongue subtriangular ; a cartilaginous omosternum. 



1. Rhinoderma, p. 148. 



Pupil horizontal ; tongue elliptical ; no omosternum ; palate without 

 ridges 2. Phryniscus, p. 149. 



Pupil horizontal ; tongue elliptical ; a dorsal bony shield. 



3. Brachycephalus, p. 156. 



Pupil erect ; tongue elliptical ; palate without ridges. 



4. Melaiiobatrachus,p.lo6. 



Pupil horizontal ; tongue heart-shaped. 



5. Sphenophryne, p. 157. 



Pupil horizontal ; tongue elliptical ; a denticulated dermal ridge 

 across the palate between the choanse, and another in front of the 

 oesophagus 6. Calophrynus, p. 157. 



Pupil round ; tongue large ; toes free ; anterior portion of the 

 sclerotica ossified 7. Stereocyclops, p. 158. 



PupU erect ; tongue elliptical ; a dermal ridge across the palate 

 between the choanse, and another in front of the oesophagus ; toes 

 webbed at the base 8.. Hypopachus, p. 159. 



II. No precoracoids. 



Pupil erect ; tongue elliptical ; t}Tnpanum hidden ; toes free. 



9. Engystoma, p. 160. 



Pupil erect ; tongue elliptical ; tympanum hidden ; toes more or less 



webbed 10. Microhyla. p. 163. 



l2 



