1. SALAMANDRA. 



1. SALAM ANDKA. 



Salamandra, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 41 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 91 ; Gray 



Cat. p. 16 : Dum. fy Bibr. ix. p. 49 ; Strauch, Salam. p. 28. 

 Exaeretus, Waga, Rev. May. Zool. (3) iv. 1876, p. 326. 



Tongue rather large, suboval, free on the sides and slightly 

 behind. Palatine teeth in two curved series. No fronto-squamosal 

 arch. Toes five. Tail subcylindrical. 



Europo-Asiatic Region, "Western Subregion. 



Synopsis of the Species. 



Tail not quite as long as head and body ; black 



and yellow 1. maculosa, p. 3. 



Tail not quite as long as head and body ; uni- 

 form black 2. atra, p. 4. 



Tail longer than head and body 3. caucasica, p. 5. 



1. Salamandra maculosa. 



Salamandra maculosa, Gray, Cat. p. 16. 

 Lacerta salamandra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 371 ; Sturm, Deutschl. Faun. 

 Salamandra maculosa, Laur. Syn. Rept. pp. 42, 151 ; Gravenh. Delic. 



p. 75 ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. ; Duyes, Ann. Sc. Nat. (3) xvii. p. 259 ; 



Dum. fy Bibr. p. 52 ; De Betta, Mem. 1st. Venet. xi. p. 515 ; Leydig, 



Arch. f. Nat. 1867, p. 239 ; Strauch, Salam. p. 30 ; Fatio, Vert. 



Suisse, iii. p. 491 ; De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 78 ; Schreib. 



Herp. Eur. p. 75 ; Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 322. 



maculata, Merr. Tent. p. 185 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 91. 



terrestris, Latr. Hist. Salam. p. 32, pi. 1 ; Daud. Rept. viii. 



p. 221, pi. 97. f. 1. 

 Corsica, Sam, Nuov. Giorn. Tosc. xxxvii. 1838, p. 208 ; Bonap. 



Faun. Ital. ; Duyes, I. c. p. 258 ; Dum. 8f Bibr. p. 61 ; De Betta, 



Mem. 1st. Venet. xi. p. 520. 



Palatine series forming two elongate J-shaped figures, the branches 

 of which do not meet in front, and extend generally a good deal 

 beyond the line of the choanse ; the shape of these series subject to 

 considerable individual variation. Head rather depressed, about as 

 broad as long, the greatest width at angles of jaws ; snout rounded ; 

 nostril equally distant from the orbit and the tip of the snout ; eye 

 large, prominent; no labial lobes. Body stout, rather depressed, 

 thrice and a third to four times the length of the head ; no crest. 

 Limbs stout ; fingers and toes short, depressed, free ; carpal and 

 tarsal tubercles indistinct. Tail generally equal to the distance 

 from its base to the angle of the mouth. Vent a longitudinal slit, 

 the borders of which are never much swollen, but more so in the male 

 than in the female. Skin smooth, shining, porous above ; a strong 

 gular fold ; distinct parotoids pierced with large pores ; a series of 

 large pores along each side of the vertebral line ; a lateral series of 

 large warts, and more or less distinct vertical costal grooves ; tail with 

 more or less distinct circular grooves. Black, with yellow markings. 



b2 



