SLAV AND TEUTON 59 



cephalic, with low cranial index, the average stature 

 is short and there is a great excess of brunet traits. 

 It presents an almost unmixed example of the Medi- 

 terranean race. There has been a small invasion of 

 Alpines in the north which has left a trace of greater 

 stature and higher cranial index, but apart from that, 

 the inhabitants, whether Moor or Spaniard, are of 

 the same racial type. 



Russia and Austro-Hungary. — Consideration of the 

 racial type of Russia and Austro-Hungary leads us 

 straight to the most acute points of controversy 

 between ethnology and politics. The political view 

 and the view firmly implanted in popular imagina- 

 tion is that the western boundary of Russia in 

 the north, with a more disputable boundary in 

 Austro-Hungary, correspond with the western 

 limits of the Slavs, a typically Asiatic race of 

 lower civilization which would swamp Europe, were 

 it not in fact held in check by the German or 

 Teutonic race. The term Slav, with its implications 

 of language, political system and form of civilization, 

 is misleading. From the racial point of view, the 

 whole of Austro-Hungary and European Russia is 

 occupied by a remarkably uniform population, a 

 typically round-headed or Alpine race, indistinguish- 

 able from the Alpine race that extends through 

 central Europe. Austria and Southern Russia show 

 the type in its purest form, and the cranial index 

 becomes lower, the height greater and the colouration 

 more blond along a narrow band of European Russia 

 stretching from Silesia to Petrograd and including 

 Finland. Examination of skulls from burial grounds 

 and old cemeteries has shown that in all the western 



