62 NATIONALITY AND RACE 



said that the materials for physical ethnology are as 

 well known as in most parts of Europe. It seems 

 clear, however, that the ancient Greeks were much 

 longer-headed than the modern population, and were 

 in fact typical representatives of the Mediterranean 

 race. Afterwards, Alpine invasion had its effect, 

 raising the cranial index from about 75 to about 81, 

 and producing a mixture closely resembling what is 

 found in the middle of Italy. The next interesting 

 result is that the Turks, who form a small and de- 

 creasing proportion of the population of the Balkan 

 Peninsula, are, from the point of view of race, no more 

 Asiatic than the peoples amongst which they live. 

 They are a highly round-headed race, but not more 

 so than the Western Bulgarians, the population of 

 Bukovina, the South Germans, or the Alpines in 

 Savoy, and are less so than the Servians, Montene- 

 grins and most of the inhabitants of Austro-Hungary. 

 The Bulgarians and Roumanians, as a whole, are the 

 least round-headed of the peoples of this region, and 

 it has been suggested that they represent the remains 

 of a Finnish stock. Most probably, however, the 

 fertile basin of the Danube was occupied thickly by 

 the primitive dolichocephalic inhabitants of Europe, 

 and it is a survival from this element that has 

 lowered the cranial index of the Bulgarians and 

 Servians. 



It is clear, therefore, that the existing political 

 divisions of Europe do not correspond with the racial 

 types of their inhabitants. Political frontiers are 

 entirely out of harmony with racial frontiers, except, 

 perhaps, in the case of Spain, where the Pyrenees 

 form a racial demarcation. The map on page 63 



