66 PRODUCTION OF NATIONALITY 



deratingly Alpine from the racial point of view, and 

 in its conduct of war has been strictly impartial in 

 its choice of crimes against property or against the 

 person. 



The distribution of persons of genius or of high 

 talent in any of the modern occupations of the 

 human mind, or of the aberrations from normal 

 conduct that we call criminal, has no reference to 

 race. The Royal Families of Europe are closely 

 related by blood, and yet each reigning sovereign 

 is a just representative of the aspirations and pro- 

 clivities of his people. The leading exponents of 

 national sentiment cannot be separated by race. Of 

 the two writers who seem to have done most to 

 flatter or to nurture German megalomania, one, 

 Mr. Houston Chamberlain, is an Englishman by 

 birth, and presumably therefore chiefly of Nordic 

 or Teutonic blood, and the other, von Treitschls;e, 

 is doubtless a Slav and typically Alpine. We must 

 suppose that with regard to the making of nation- 

 alities, the three races of Europe present equivalent 

 mental and moral material. The great and in- 

 creasing differences in the characters of modern 

 nations are not racial. 



Sir Ray Lankester has recently pointed out that 

 much misapprehension has arisen from the use of 

 the English word " culture " as if it were the equi- 

 valent of the German word " Kultur." Since 

 Matthew Arnold preached the doctrine of " sweet- 

 ness and light," culture, to an English ear, denotes 

 possession of the graces of life, a polite, partly 

 emotional, partly intellectual devotion to the arts 

 and to letters, and to the gentler sides of philosophy, 



