40 ON THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF 



The forehead is as broad as that of the Black Bear, is transversely convex, but 

 depressed along the middle. It is bounded posteriorly by the temporal ridges, 

 diverging more rapidly than in the Wolf from the sagittal crest, curving forward, 

 outward, and then backward to the ends of the orbito-angular processes. Anteriorly 

 it is defined by a wide-spread W-like suture between the frontal, lachrymal, maxil- 

 lary and nasal bones. 



Temporal fossae. — The temporal fossae are of great extent and capacity, quite 

 equalling those of any other carnivorous animals. The zygomata are destroyed in 

 the fossils, but their remaining abutments indicate that they were as wide-spread as 

 those of the Wolf. 



Posteriorly the temporal fossa is defined from the inion by a high, sharp border, 

 which appears to have been less inclined than in the Wolf. 



The pars squamosa contributes to the temporal surface in a different manner from 

 that which is usual among recent carnivora. It ascends to within a short distance of 

 the sagittal crest, and is much higher than the breadth. The parietal, in conse- 

 qence, sends its narrowest portion posteriorly to meet the occiput, while a broad 

 plate descends in front of the squamosal to meet the ali-sphenoid. 



The fronto-parietal suture descends nearly vertically at the most constricted or 

 narrowest portion of the cranium. 



The glenoid cavity is transverse, and is sustained behind by a strong, broad 

 tubercle, as in the Bear. The articular surface, partly horizontal, also extends 

 downward on the post-glenoid tubercle. The temporal surface of the zygomatic 

 root forms a much greater inclination than in the Wolf or Bear, and the posterior 

 surface inclines backward. 



A high archway between the post-glenoid tubercle and mastoid process leads to the 

 position of the auditory meatus, which is destroyed in the fossils. The space between 

 the post-glenoid tubercle and the paramastoid process is small compared with that in 

 the Wolf, and could have accommodated a comparatively small auditory bulla. 



The face. — The face is relatively about as long as in the Wolf, but proportionately 

 higher and wider, and therefore more robust. Its upper part continues the general 

 convexity of the forehead, but is not depressed along the middle like the latter. It 

 slopes nearly in a straight line to the end of the nose, and curves off laterally to the 

 nearly vertical sides. 



Laterally the face does not contract posteriorly, but widens in a triangular manner 

 to the roots of the zygomata. 



The infra-orbital foramina have the same form and relative position as in the 

 Wolf, being situated just above the third premolar teeth. 



The nasal bones are long and broad, and bear some resemblance to those of the 



