THE LEAF-BUD. 167 



Are any of these buds without a protective cover- 

 ing to the growing-point ? 



Observe in each case whether the scales are mem- 

 branous, waxy, gummy, lined with down, wool, or 

 dense hairs, or varnished upon the exterior. 



What is the use of the gummy matter, varnish, 

 and wax, around the bud ? 



Of what use are the woolly, downy, and hairy 

 linings of the bud-scales ? 



What separates the gummed bud-scales when 

 growth begins ? 



When you are familiar with the winter aspect of 

 the buds upon the trees around, you will be interested 

 in their unfolding. Observe what becomes of the 

 scales on each of the trees you have examined. Scales 

 may be changed into other parts, or they may fall off 

 all together. Observe these changes. Notice the scars 

 left by their fall. 



PET'IOLAR scales are formed from the petiole. 



STIP'ULAR scales are formed from the stipules. 



FOLIA'CEOUS scales are formed from the blade of the 

 leaf. 



EXERCISE LXIY. 

 Vernation. 



VERNATION is the way in which leaves are folded, 

 rolled, and arranged, in the leaf-bud. 



Observe the buds closely as warm weather ap- 

 proaches. When they are just opening out, examine 

 them to find the various ways in which the young 

 leaves are folded or rolled. If you are watchful at 



