PETROLEUM AND ITS PRODUCTS 25 



market. We shall be able to remember these products better 

 if we put them in a table thus : 



TABLE I. PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM 



Boiling points 



1. Distillate No. 1 " Petroleum Ether," 40- 70C. or 104-158F. 



2. Distillate No. 2 "Light Gasoline".. 70- 80C. or 158-176F. 



3. Distillate Xo. 3 " Heavy Gasoline," 80-120C. or 176-248F. 



4. Distillate Xo. 4 "Xaphtha" 120-150C. or 248-302F. 



5. Distillate Xo. 5 "Illuminating OH" or "Kerosene" 



150-300C. or 302-576F. 



6. The Residue The thick, tarry substance remaining hi the flask. 



28. Purifying the Petroleum Products. These products of 

 petroleum obtained by distillation will have a strong odor, and 

 the kerosene will probably show considerable color. Formerly 

 all illuminating oil was highly colored and had this same strong 

 odor. Nowadays all of the products of petroleum are care- 

 fully cleansed and purified before they are put on the market. 

 The purifying removes nearly all of the color and most of the 

 offensive odor. The process of purifying kerosene is much too 

 difficult for us to undertake. 



29. The Uses of These Petroleum Products. 

 PETROLEUM ETHER is subdivided into several portions to 



each of which a special name is given. It is used chiefly in 

 surgery and in dissolving substances like resin and heavy oils. 



LIGHT GASOLINE is chiefly used in gasoline gas machines 

 (see Art. 45). 



HEAVY GASOLINE is often known as "stove gasoline" and 

 is the common gasoline sold at the grocery store. It is used in 

 gasoline stoves, in gasoline lamps, in automobiles and gasoline 

 engines. It is also sometimes used in paints. 



NAPHTHA, often called " heavy naphtha," is used as a sub- 

 stitute for turpentine in making paints and varnishes, and also 

 for cleaning heavy oils from machinery. 



On account of their evaporating so rapidly when exposed to 

 the air or, as we say, being so very volatile, these first four 

 products of petroleum are called the LIGHT OILS or SPIRITS. 



