53 



dissolved, add to the lime and sulphur in the boiler and cook for 

 half an hour longer, when the necessary amount of water to make 

 the 60 gallons should be added. 



With the effective use of one or other of the above fungicides* 

 or both if necessary, we are confident any orchard can be kept 

 clean from fungoid diseases. 



INSECT PESTS. 



Pear Slug, is prevalent all over the country and affects pears, 

 plums, and cherries. This of all the pests that trouble the 

 orchardist is about the easiest to get rid of. We remember the 

 time however, and that only a few years ago, when the growers 

 in the Western Province used no remedy for this pest, and 

 we have ourselves heard such an intelligent grower as 

 Mr. C. D. Rudd, of Newlands, declare that it was of no 

 use to plant a pear or a plum in Africa, as they were always 

 defoliated by Xmas ; perhaps even to-day in some parts of Africa 

 growers do not know how to kill this ugly little pest, whose 

 destruction is so simple. 



Remedy. Spray with Paris green at the rate of one Ib. to any- 

 thing from 150 to 230 gallons of water, and add umlac/ced lime 

 in sufficient quantity to make the solution a whitish colour. When 

 it dries on the trees, this addition of lime both prevents the Paris 

 green from destroying the foliage and enables the orchardist to 

 have a check on his sprayers, by allowing him to discover at once 

 if any trees have been skipped, or if the spraying has been badly 

 done. We recommend beginners to use the weaker solution of 

 Paris green, and add say five Ibs. of lime to one Ib. Paris green. 

 Many orchardists prefer to add treacle, which helps to fix the grains 

 of the material on the foliage, as it must be remembered that they 

 do not dissolve, but we consider the price of the treacle too high in 

 this country to allow of its being generally used ; this mixture 

 must be kept well stirred when being used. 



Caterpillars. From American sources, we see several remedies 

 recommended, Paris green being the favourite. We must say how- 

 ever that we have tried every known remedy and have got no 

 result, so as far as we can see ; that is to say that whereas we have 

 suffered from time to time very terribly from caterpillars, we 

 have always had to fall back on hand picking, which is an 

 expensive job, but which on young trees especially it will repay 

 the grower very well to do. 



RedScale,and indeed other scales, are of course sucking insects 

 that draw their sustenance by pushing their proboscis through the 

 bark, and sucking out the sap as it ascends or descends. Growers 

 can readily understand that the Paris green, or other poison, has 

 110 effect, because the food cannot be got at, therefore suffocation 

 is the only means of killing. 



The most effective remedy is, of course, the Hydrocyanic gas 

 treatment by means of fumigation with tents. The efficacy of 



