viii CONTENTS. 







CHAPTER VII. 



THE BIT. 



PAGE 



Place of the bit in the horse's mouth . . . . . . . 74 



Principle of the bit . . . . . . . . . .74 



Action of the common bit . . . . . . . . . 76 



Action of the Chifney bit . . . . . . . . .77 



The loose eye 77 



The nose-band .77 



The horse's defence against the bit by the tongue . . . . . 78 



Effect of the porte against this defence . . . . . .78 



Defence of the horse by the lip . . . . . 80 



Defence by the teeth . . . . . . . . .80 



Bar of the military and driving bit 81 



Martingale . 81 



Danger does not result from power 84 



CHAPTER VIII. 



THE SADDLE AND SIDE-SADDLE. 



A side-saddle should have no right hand pummel . . ''"'. 86 



The leaping-horn . V;. . . r \ ...-<* "" -V . - . . 86 



Surcingle . .... . ... . , . t . . v. 1 .,, . 88 



Stirrup-leather . . ....- ..,.-., fo& :,. ., : v. . . 89 



Stirrup-iron . . . ^ " . ; . * . . . . .-. . i . 90 



Girthing , . * . \* . . "*. > ' : : .*. . 90 



To avoid riding on the buckles of the girths . ., ; , " . 91 



