82 Botany. 



by Banks in Great Britain at various dates and in Newfound- 

 land and Labrador in 1766, as well as those obtained in Iceland 

 in 1772. The herbarium was continually being enriched by 

 purchase and exchange. Besides Hermann's herbarium, and 

 the herbarium of Clifford upon which the " Hortus Cliffortianus " 

 is based, a certain number of Linnaeus's types were obtained 

 from Smith in 1786, when the Banksian herbarium was com- 

 pared with that of Linnaeus. The collections of William 

 Houstoun from Central America and the West Indies were 

 purchased by Banks from Philip Miller, whose own her- 

 barium, containing the types of many of the plants described 

 in the "Gardeners Dictionary," ed. viii (1768), was acquired 

 by Banks in 1774. In that year Banks arranged with the 

 " Societas Unitatis Fratrum," or Moravian Brothers, to collect 

 plants at Tranquebar, whence he received about 500 specimens in 

 1775-78. In 1775 he purchased a large herbarium of Swiss 

 plants, indicated in the herbarium as " Herb. Helvet.," collected 

 by Dick; these Banks obtained through Dr. Pitcairn (1711-91), 

 who had a botanic garden at Islington, specimens from which are 

 in the herbarium. The collections of the Forsters and of Loureiro 

 were acquired at about the same time. The plants collected by 

 Alexander Russell (1715 ?-68) and his brother Patrick (1726- 

 1805), who were at Aleppo in 1740-53 and 1755-71 respectively, 

 were sent to Banks, and are described by him and Solander in the 

 "Natural History of Aleppo," ed. 2 (1789). Other well-known 

 London gardens contributed to the Banksian collection at this 

 period : notably those of James Gordon at Mile End, James Lee 

 at Hammersmith, William Malcolm at Kensington, and James 

 Vere at Kensington Gore ; there are also a few specimens from 

 the garden of Richard Anthony Salisbury at Chapel Allerton, 

 Yorkshire. The most important collection of cultivated plants 

 is, however, that from the Royal Gardens, Kew, which contains 

 the types of the numerous species described by Banks's librarians 

 Solander and Dryander (helped in the second edition by Brown) 

 in Aiton's " Hortus Kewensis " ; the MS. original descriptions of 

 these and of a large number of other plants in the Sloane and 

 Banksian herbaria are preserved in the Department of Botany. 

 Jacquin's herbarium, consisting largely of plants cultivated by 

 him in the Vienna and Schonbrunn Gardens and containing 

 some of his West Indian plants, was purchased by Banks and 

 is incorporated with his collection, which also contains specimens 

 sent by A. L. de Jussieu from the Paris Garden. 



