Botany. 83 



Among the more noteworthy of the Indian collectors are 

 William Roxburgh ; Buchanan-Hamilton (who sent plants to 

 Banks in 1794 and 1798) ; J. G. Koenig, who sent plants in 

 1776 and bequeathed to Banks his herbarium and MSS. ; James 

 Robertson, who collected in Bombay, Madras, China and Johanna 

 Island in 177276. The most important Chinese collection is 

 that made by Sir George Staunton during Lord Macartney's 

 embassy to China in 1793. 



From Polynesia are the large collections of J. R. and G. Forster, 

 made during Cook's second voyage (1772-75) ; also plants 

 obtained during Cook's third voyage (1776-80) by David Nelson, 

 who also collected in Australia and Timor ; William Anderson 

 also collected during these voyages in the same countries. The 

 specimens collected by Christopher Smith and James Wiles 

 during Bligh's voyage to Otaheite (179193) were also sent to 

 Banks. 



From the Cape there are, besides the very important collections 

 of Francis Masson (1741-1805), who also sent plants to Banks 

 from the Canaries and Azores, from the West Indies, and from 

 North America and Canada ; about 1,000 specimens from 

 Oldenburg, collected in 1772 ; and others from James Niven 

 (1774?-1826), David Nelson (d. 1789), and Andreas Auge 

 (fl. 1794). Among the collectors in tropical Africa may be 

 mentioned William Brass (fl. 1790), who collected at Cape Coast ; 

 Henry Smeathman (fl. 1750-87), who sent plants from Mada- 

 gascar and Sierra Leone; and Christian Smith (1785-1816), 

 whose important collections during the Congo expedition were 

 described by Robert Brown. The principal contributor of 

 Madagascar plants was John Vaughan Thompson (fl. 1807-29). 



Among New World collections, the most important is that of 

 John Clayton (1686?-! 773), who sent 'his Virginian plants to 

 Gronovius ; they are the types of Gronovius's " Flora Virginica " 

 (1743-1762). The volume of South Carolina plants collected by 

 William Young (fl. 1753-84), with an accompanying volume of 

 crude drawings, was acquired by Banks from the Bute library in 

 1794. Other early American collectors represented in the 

 herbarium are John Bartram (1699-1777), and his son William 

 (1739-1823); W. V. Turner, who collected in the "Cherokee 

 country" in 1769; Peter Kalm (1717-79); William Clifton 

 (fl. 1765) ; Dr. John Mitchell (d. 1772); and Archibald Menzies 

 (1754-1842). 



Among West Indian collectors may be mentioned Olof Swartz 



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