72 



EXEECISE XI 



Obs. 49. 

 Haemolysis 

 (part 1). 



Obs. 50. 

 Haemorrhage 

 and sp. gr. of 

 blood. 



Obs. 51. 

 Perfusion of 

 kidney with 

 normal saline. 



V. Draw a copious quantity of blood, e.g. 15 c.c. or more, from the artery 

 into a small beaker. Pour from this beaker without delay into each of four 

 similar tubes a quantity of the fresh blood enough to fill about one-sixth of 

 the tube. In tube 1 dilute the blood with an equal volume of distilled 

 water, in tube 2 with six times its volume of the water, in tube 3 with 

 six times its volume of -9 per cent, aqueous NaCl solution, in tube 4 with 

 half its volume of either of the two following solutions : Sodium taurocholate 

 2 per cent, in -9 per cent, aqueous NaCl, or saponin 3 per cent, in -9 per cent, 

 aqueous NaCl. Mix the blood and diluting fluid in each tube by inverting 

 the tube once without shaking ; and set to stand. 



VI. Finally, observe the sp. gr. of the blood on a fresh sample from the 

 cannula. The sp. gr. will be found to have fallen since the last observation 

 in § IV was made. Kemove the test-tubes, capillary pipettes, &c., from the 

 preparation table. 



VII. 1. Place on the experiment table the vertical iron standard carrying 

 t he bottle containing about 300 c.c. of Ringer-Locke fluid warmed to 38 C. 

 See that the level of the fluid is about 70 cm. above the preparation. The rubber 

 tube attached to the exit of the bottle should be long enough to reach down 

 to the preparation easily ; place the standard so that this tube can reach the 

 left kidney, which is to be exposed. The tube should fit the arterial cannula 

 you are going to use, and should be provided with a spring clamp. 



VII. 2. Make a free incision along the mid-line of the abdomen from 

 xiphoid nearly to pubes. Drawing the intestine towards the left side of the 

 abdomen, push the scalpel through the right wall of the abdomen far back 

 and from within, and carry a free incision lengthwise down it. Through this 

 opening push the omentum and intestines, thus evacuating the abdomen of 

 them. Place round them where they lie outside the abdomen a moist warm 

 wrapping of cotton-wool squeezed out in warm Ringer-Locke. Observe the 

 left kidney and renal artery and vein. With the curved mounted needle 

 place round the renal artery three fine silk-thread loops. Tie tight the one 

 farthest from the kidney. Attach artery-forceps to the loop nearest to the 

 kidney and with it occlude the artery temporarily. Cut an oblique slit with 

 fine scissors half through the artery a couple of mm. on the heart side of the 

 middle loop ; insert an arterial cannula with its nozzle directed towards the 

 kidney, and secure it by tightening the noose round its neck. 



VII. 3. Repeat this procedure on the renal vein, securing in it a small 

 glass cannula with its point directed toward the kidney ; this cannula should 



