THE ABDOMEN 



691 



Douglas. In the right iliac fossa the caecum is in part seen, and in 

 the left iliac fossa the iliac colon is partially visible. 



When the great omentum is raised and laid over the costal 

 margin, the coils of the jejunvmi and ileum come into view, occupy- 

 ing the umbilical and hv-pogastric regions, and extending into the 

 right and left lumbar, and iliac, regions. The transverse colon is 

 also seen crossing in an arched manner from the right to the left 

 h^-pochondriac regions. 



\\Tien moderately distended, the stomach is Pyrxform and curved. 

 It presents for consideration the following parts: Two extremities, 

 two surfaces, two curvatures, and two orifices. 



Extremities. — ^The extremities are left and right. The left ex- 

 tremity is knowTi as the cardiac or splenic end or fundus. It is large 



(ESO^MACUS 



OUOOCMO- 



PVLOWIC 



CONSTRICTION,' 



Sulcus 

 intermeoius' 



Fig. 298. — The Stomach (External Vibw). 



and round, and forms a cul-de-sac. Its direction is upwards, hack- 

 li-ards, and to the left, and it is related to the left half of the diaphragm 

 posteriorly and the spleen. The right extremity is knowTi as the 

 Pyloric end. It Ues beneath the quadrate lobe of the hver, and is 

 directed backwards. It is narrow, and is continuous with the first 

 part of the duodenum. Its position is indicated superficially by a 

 well-marked, circular constriction, called the duodeno-pyloric con- 

 striction. 



Surfaces. — ^These are antero-superior and postero-inferior. The 

 antero-superior surface is convex, and, though mainly directed up)- 

 wards, it has a sUght incUnation forwards. It is closely related to 

 (i) the under surface of the left lobe of the Uver, (2) the left half of 

 the diaphragm, and (3) the anterior abdominal wall. The postero- 



