I072 A MANUAL OF ANATOMY 



to the structures covering the frontal bone, where it anastomoses 

 with the supra-orbital and frontal branches of the ophthalmic 

 artery, and with its fellow of the opposite side. The posterior 

 temporal branch takes an arched course upwards and backwards 

 above the auricle, supplying the adjacent structures, and anasto- 

 mosing with the posterior auricular and occipital arteries, and with 

 its fellow of the opposite side. 



The superficial temporal vein is formed in front of the auricle by 

 the union of an anterior and a posterior branch, the former "com- 

 municating freely with the supra-orbital and frontal veins, and the 

 latter with the posterior auricular vein and the occipital venous 

 plexus. Above the zygoma it is joined by the middle temporal 

 vein, which originates in a plexus in the temporal fossa, and pierces 

 the temporal muscle and temporal fascia, receiving in its course the 

 orbital vein. The superficial temporal vein then descends over the 

 zygoma and enters the parotid gland, within which it receives the 

 anterior auricular, articular, and transverse facial veins. Finally, 

 it joins the internal maxillary vein about the level of the neck of 

 the lower jaw to form the temporo-maxillary vein. 



Extrinsic Muscles of the Auricle. — ^These are three in number, as 

 follows : (i) attollens auriculam ; (2) attrahens auriculam ; and 

 (3) retrahens auriculam. 



Attollens Auriculam — Origin. — ^The lateral part of the epicranial 

 aponeurosis. 



Insertion. — ^The inner or cranial surface of the auricle over the 

 convexity corresponding to the fossa of the antihelix on its outer 

 surface. 



Nerve-supply. — ^The temporal portion of the temporo-facial 

 division of the facial nerve. The posterior part of the muscle may 

 be supplied by the posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve. 



The muscle is very thin, pale, and fan-shaped, and its fibres con- 

 verge in a downward direction. 



Action. — ^To raise the auricle. 



Attrahens Auriculam — Origin. — The lateral part of the epi- 

 cranial aponeurosis in front of the attollens auriculam, with which 

 muscle it is continuous. 



Insertion. — ^The anterior part of the helix of the auricle. 



Nerve-supply. — ^The temporal portion of the temporo-facial 

 division of the facial nerve. 



The muscle is directed backwards. 



Action. — ^To draw forwards the auricle. 



Retrahens Auriculam— Ongiw. — The upper part of the outer 

 surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone. 



Insertion. — The inner or cranial surface of the auricle over the 

 convexity of the concha. 



Nerve-supply. — ^The posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve. 



The muscle is directed forwards. 



A ction. — To draw back the auricle. 



The retrahens auriculam is more distinct than the other two 

 muscles, and is usually arranged in two bundles. 



