to74 A MANUAL OF ANATOMY 



Temporal Fascia. — ^This is a strong aponeurosis which covers the 

 temporal muscle. Superiorly it is attached from before backwards 

 to the temporal border of the malar bone, the superior temporal 

 ridge of the frontal and parietal bones, and the supramastoid crest 

 of the temporal bone. Inferiorly it divides into two laminae, which 

 are attached to the outer and inner margins of the upper border of 

 the zygomatic arch. Between these two laminae there are a small 

 amount of adipose tissue and the orbital branch of the superficial 

 temporal artery. Superficial to the fascia there are the delicate 

 prolongation of the lateral portion of the epicranial aponeurosis and 

 the attollens and attrahens auriculam muscles. Superiorly the 

 fascia gives origin, by its deep surface, to superficial fibres of 

 the temporal muscle, but it is separated from that muscle towards 

 the zygoma by adipose tissue. 



Temporal Muscle — Origin. — (i) The temporal fossa, extending 

 as high as the inferior temporal ridge of the frontal and parietal 

 bones, and as low as the infratemporal crest on the external surface 

 of the great wing of the sphenoid ; and (2) the deep surface of the 

 temporal fascia over its upper part. 



The muscle is fan-shaped. The anterior fasciculi descend almost 

 vertically ; the posterior fasciculi pass almost horizontally for- 

 wards ; and the intervening fasciculi descend with varying degrees 

 of obliquity. 



A complete description of the temporal muscle will be found on 

 p. 1200. 



Lymphatic Vessels of the Scalp — Frontal Region. — These pass to 

 the intraparotid lymphatic glands. Temporo-parietal Region.^ 

 The anterior lymphatics pass to the intraparotid glands, and the 

 posterior lymphatics terminate in the mastoid, or posterior auricular, 

 glands. 



The Cranial Cavity. 



The meninges of the encephalon, namely (i) the dura mater, 

 with its septa and venous sinuses, (2) the arachnoid membrane, 

 and (3) the pia mater, will be found described in Index. 



Cranial Nerves at the Base of the Skull. — ^The cranial nerves are 

 arranged in twelve pairs, and as they leave the cranial cavity they 

 receive sheaths from the meninges of the encephalon. 



The olfactory bulb rests upon one-half of the cribriform plate of 

 the ethmoid bone. Through the foramina of that plate it receives 

 about twenty olfactory filaments, which arise as the axons of the 

 olfactory cells of the olfactory mucous membrane of the nasal 

 fossa. 



The nasal nerve passes forwards and inwards beneath the dura 

 mater on one-half of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the 

 nasal slit. 



The optic nerve passes forwards and outwards from the optic 

 commissure to the optic foramen, through which it enters the orbit. 

 It is accompanied by the ophthalmic artery, which lies beneath it. 



The third or oculo-motor nerve pierces the dura mater, which 



