THE HEAD AND NECK 1085 



The internal jugular vein will be found described on p. 1113. 



Superficial Cervical Glands. — ^These are about six in number, and 

 they lie upon the stemo-cleido-mastoid muscle, along the course of 

 the external jugular vein, and beneath the superficial fascia and 

 platysma myoides muscle. They receive their afferent lymphatics 

 from the adjacent superficial structures, the occipital and mastoid 

 glands, and some of those of the parotid and submaxillary lym- 

 phatic glands. Their efferent lymphatics pass to the deep cervical 

 and supraclavicular glands. 



Deep Cervical Fascia. — The deep cerA-ical fascia is divided into 

 (i) a superficial layer, which completely invests the neck in the 

 form of a collar, and (2) deep processes or laminae, which invest the 

 muscles, viscera, and chief bloodvessels and nerves. 



Superficial Layer. — ^This layer is attached posteriorly to the liga- 

 mentum nuchas ; superiorly to (i) the superior curved line of the 

 occipital bone ; (2) the mastoid process of the temporal bone ; 

 (3) the zygomatic arch : and (4) the base of the inferior maxilla, 

 under cover of the platysma myoides, as far forwards as the sym- 

 physis ; and interiorly to the clavicle and upper border of the 

 manubrium sterni, being pierced above the centre of the clavicle 

 by the external jugular vein. Along the middle line of the neck 

 anteriorly it is continuous with the superficial layer of the opposite 

 side. 



The superficial layer invests the cervical portion of the trapezius, 

 and from the anterior border of that muscle it passes forwards over 

 the posterior triangle of the neck to the posterior border of the 

 stemo-cleido-mastoid. In doing so it furnishes a deep process, 

 which ensheathes the posterior belly of the omo-hyoid muscle. 

 This process also embraces the intervening tendon of that muscle, 

 after which it passes downwards and inwards to be attached to the 

 back of the inner end of the clavicle and the first rib. In this 

 manner the horizontal position of the posterior belly of the omo- 

 hyoid is accounted for. When the superficial layer of the deep 

 cervical fascia reaches the posterior border of the stemo-cleido- 

 mastoid it splits into two laminae which ensheathe that muscle, 

 the superficial lamina being underneath the external jugular vein 

 and platysma myoides. At the anterior border of the stemo-cleido- 

 mastoid the two laminae reunite, and the fascia passes forwards 

 over the anterior triangle of the neck to the median line, where 

 it is continuous with the corresponding layer of the opposite side. 



Between the upper part of the anterior border of the stemo- 

 cleido-mastoid and the angle of the inferior maxilla the super- 

 ficial layer is of considerable strength, and draws that border of 

 the muscle forwards and upwards, so as to render it convex and 

 keep it over the line of the leading vessels. Between the mastoid 

 process and the angle of the inferior maxilla the superficial layer is 

 prolonged upwards over the parotid gland as the parotid fascia, 

 which is very dense, and is attached superiorly to the lower border 

 ^i>i the zygomatic arch. 



