1164 ^ MANUAL OF ANATOMY 



facial nerve through the parotid gland may be indicated by a line 

 drawn forwards from the lobule of the auricle parallel to the line 

 indicating the course of Stensen's duct. 



The posterior border of the ramus of the inferior maxilla can 

 readily be felt. It leads superiorly to the condyle and temporo- 

 mandibular joint, and inferiorly to the angle of the bone. Extend- 

 ing forwards from the angle is the basilar border, which, about 

 2 inches from the angle, supports the facial artery, pulsation 

 being readily felt, during life, in this part of the vessel, in 

 front of the masseter muscle, the facial vein intervening between 

 the two. In this situation a lymphatic gland lies in contact with 

 the artery. From this point the facial artery extends, in a tortuous 

 manner, to the inner canthus of the eye, passing close to the angle 

 of the mouth, the facial vein pursuing a comparatively straight 

 course. 



In the median line of the face the structures to be noted are the 

 nasal bones, nasal cartilages, dorsum and tip of the nose, alse nasi, 

 columella nasi, and the philtrum, which latter is the median groove 

 leading from the columella nasi to the upper lip. 



For the component parts of the auricle, see p. 1192. 



The palpebrge or eyelids are to be noted, along with the palpebral 

 fissure between them, and the canthi, outer and inner, at either 

 extremity. The tarsal plates of the upper and lower eyelids can 

 easily be felt, and connected with their inner extremities is the 

 internal tarsal ligament, or tendo oculi. This latter may be made 

 tense by approximating the eyelids, and drawing them outwards. 

 It crosses the lachrymal sac a little above the centre. The eyelids 

 being everted, the outlines of the Meibomian glands may be seen, 

 these being arranged in a linear manner, and being placed per- 

 pendicular to the palpebral margins. The eyelashes, or cilia, on 

 the margins of the eyelids are to be noted, and within these are 

 the orifices of the ducts of the Meibomian glands, which are arranged 

 in a row. Along the line of the eyelashes the skin of the eyelid 

 becomes continuous witH the palpebral conjunctiva, and along the 

 line of reflection of the palpebral conjunctiva on to the eyeball the 

 recess, known as the fornix, is to be noted. At the inner canthus, 

 where the eyelids do not meet, there is a recess between the lids and 

 the eyeball, which lodges a small red fleshy protuberance, called the 

 caruncula lacrimalis, which is provided with a few delicate hairs. 

 In this situation there is the fold called the plica semilunaris. 

 Upon the eyelids at their inner ends the papillse lacrimales are 

 visible, and on each papilla is a minute orifice, called the punctum 

 lacrimale. The lower papilla is larger than the upper, and is placed 

 a little farther out. Each punctum leads into the lachrymal canal, 

 and by these canals the tears are conveyed into the lachrymal sac, 

 and thence by the nasal duct into the inferior meatus of the nose. 

 The position of the lachrymal sac may be indicated by drawing 

 the eyelids outwards, so as to render tense the tendo oculi, which, 

 as stated, crosses the sac a little above its centre. 



